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Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 4th Edition

Name: Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134857893

by Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. Louvar

June 2019

Intermediate to advanced

656 pages

19h 24m

English

Pearson

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Cover Page
About This eBook
Half-Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Nomenclature
Chapter 1. Introduction
1-1 Engineering Ethics1-2 Myths about Process Safety1-3 Safety Culture1-4 Individual Risk, Societal Risk, and Risk Populations1-5 Voluntary and Involuntary Risk1-6 Safety Metrics1-7 Accident and Loss Statistics1-8 Risk Perception1-9 Risk Tolerance/Acceptance and Risk Matrix1-10 Codes, Standards, and Regulations1-11 Safeguards1-12 The CCPS 20 Elements of Risk-Based Process Safety1-13 Inherently Safer Design1-14 The Worst Chemical Plant Tragedy: Bhopal, India, 19841-15 Overview of Chemical Process SafetySuggested ReadingProblems

Chapter 2. Toxicology
2-1 How Toxicants Enter the Body2-2 How Toxicants Are Eliminated from the Body2-3 Effects of Toxicants on the Body2-4 Toxicological Studies2-5 Dose versus Response2-6 Dose and Response Using Probit Equation2-7 Relative Toxicity2-8 Threshold Limit ValuesOnline ResourcesSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 3. Industrial Hygiene
3-1 Anticipating and Identifying Hazardous Workplace Exposures3-2 Globally Harmonized System3-3 Evaluate the Magnitude of Exposures and Responses3-4 Develop and Evaluate Control Techniques to Prevent Exposures3-5 National Fire Protection Association DiamondOnline ResourcesSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 4. Source Models
4-1 Introduction to Source Models4-2 Flow of Liquid through a Hole4-3 Flow of Liquid through a Hole in a Tank4-4 Flow of Liquids through Pipes4-5 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Holes4-6 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Pipes4-7 Flashing Liquids4-8 Liquid Pool Evaporation or Boiling4-9 Realistic and Worst-Case Releases4-10 Conservative AnalysisSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 5. Hazardous Material Dispersion
5-1 Parameters Affecting Dispersion5-2 Neutrally Buoyant Dispersion Models5-3 Pasquill–Gifford Model5-4 Dense Gas Dispersion5-5 Toxic Effect Criteria5-6 Release Prevention and MitigationSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 6. Fires and Explosions
6-1 The Fire Triangle6-2 Distinction between Fires and Explosions6-3 Definitions6-4 Flammability Characteristics of Liquids and Vapors6-5 Flammability Characteristics of Dusts6-6 Sprays and Mists6-7 Ignition Energy6-8 Ignition Sources6-9 Experimental Characterization of Gas/Vapor and Dust Explosions6-10 ExplosionsSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 7. Concepts to Prevent Fires and Explosions
7-1 Inerting7-2 Static Electricity7-3 Controlling Static Electricity7-4 Explosion-Proof Equipment and Instruments7-5 Ventilation7-6 Sprinkler Systems7-7 Industry’s Fire and Explosion Protection StrategySuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 8. Chemical Reactivity
8-1 Background Understanding8-2 Commitment, Awareness, and Identification of Reactive Chemical Hazards8-3 Characterization of Reactive Chemical Hazards Using Calorimeters8-4 Controlling Reactive HazardsSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 9. Introduction to Reliefs
9-1 Relief Concepts9-2 Definitions9-3 Code Requirements9-4 Relief System Design9-5 Relief Types and Characteristics9-6 Relief Installation Practices9-7 Relief Effluent HandlingSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 10. Relief Sizing
10-1 Set Pressure and Accumulation Limits for Reliefs10-2 Relief Sizing for Liquid Service10-3 Relief Sizing for Vapor and Gas Service10-4 Two-Phase Flow during Runaway Reaction Relief10-5 Deflagration Venting for Dust and Vapor Explosions10-6 Venting for Fires External to the Process10-7 Reliefs for Thermal Expansion of Process FluidsSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 11. Hazards Identification and Evaluation
11-1 Introduction to Hazard Identification/Evaluation and Risk Analysis11-2 Non-Scenario-Based Hazard Identification/Evaluation Methods11-3 Scenario-Based Hazard Identification/Evaluation Methods11-4 Documentation and Actions Required for Hazard Identification and EvaluationProblems
Chapter 12. Risk Analysis and Assessment
12-1 Review of Probability Theory12-2 Event Trees12-3 Fault Trees12-4 Bow-Tie Diagrams12-5 Quantitative Risk Analysis12-6 Layer of Protection Analysis12-7 Risk AssessmentSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 13. Safety Strategies, Procedures, and Designs
13-1 Process Safety Strategies13-2 Safe Operating Procedures13-3 Safe Work Practices13-4 Designs for Process Safety13-5 Designs for Runaway Reactions13-6 Designs and Practices for the Safe Handling of DustsSuggested ReadingProblems
Chapter 14. Case Histories and Lessons Learned
14-1 Process Safety Culture14-2 Compliance with Standards14-3 Process Safety Competency14-4 Workplace Involvement14-5 Stakeholder Outreach14-6 Process Knowledge Management14-7 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis14-8 Operating Procedures14-9 Safe Work Practices14-10 Asset Integrity and Reliability14-11 Contractor Management14-12 Training and Performance Assurance14-13 Management of Change14-14 Operational Readiness14-15 Conduct of Operations14-16 Emergency Management14-17 Incident Investigation14-18 Measurement and Metrics14-19 Auditing14-20 Management Review and Continuous Improvement14-21 SummarySuggested ReadingProblems
Appendix A. Unit Conversion Constants
Appendix B. Flammability Data for Selected Hydrocarbons
Appendix C. Saturation Vapor Pressure Data
Appendix D. Special Types of Reactive Chemicals
Appendix E. Hazardous Chemicals Data for a Variety of Chemical Substances
Appendix F. Process Diagrams
Index

Content preview from Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 4th Edition

Appendix C. Saturation Vapor Pressure Data¹

¹Selected from David Himmelblau. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 7th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003), p. 1057.

$ln (P^{sat}) = A - \frac{B}{C + T}$

where

P^sat is the saturation vapor pressure (mm Hg),
T is the temperature (K), and
A, B, C are constants given below.

Species	Formula	Range (K)	A	B	C
Acetone	C₃H₆O	241–350	16.6513	2940.46	−35.93
Benzene	C₆H₆	280–377	15.9008	2788.51	−52.36
Carbon tetrachloride	CCl₄	253–374	15.8742	2808.19	−45.99
Chloroform	CHCl₃	260–370	15.9732	2696.79	−46.19
Cyclohexane	C₆H₁₂	280–380	15.7527	2766.63	−50.50
Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O₂	260–385	16.1516	2790.50	−57.15
Ethyl alcohol	C₂H₆O	270–369	18.9119	3803.98	−41.68
n-Heptane	C₇H_{16 ...}

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Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 4th Edition

by Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. Louvar

Appendix C. Saturation Vapor Pressure Data¹

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