Since the beginning of the computer era, the development of computer programming languages and
their translators have been driven by advances in hardware technologies on one hand and expectations
in terms of range, performance – both correctness and efficiency – and complexity of applications on
the other hand. The introduction of the following major concepts in programming languages can be
linked to development of 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
and 4
th
generations of hardware:
c
1940s: Assembly language;
c
1950s: First HLLs: FORTRAN, LISP and COBOL, also ALGOL-60 report – block structuring,
identifier ...
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