Computational Intelligence

Mann–Whitney U Test 401

be evaluated in real time, and therefore the usual goal is to develop an acceptable

solution as soon as possible.

The on-line performance, which measures the ongoing performance of a system

configuration, is defined in equation 10.6, where

f

s

(g) is the average population fit-

ness for a system configuration s during generation g, and G is the number (index)

of the latest generation.

p

online

s

=

1

G

G



g = 1

f

s

(g) (10.6)

The off-line performance measures convergence of the algorithm and is defined

in equation 10.7, where f

∗

s

(g) is the best fitness of any population member in gen-

eration g for system configuration s. Off-line (convergence) performance ...