February 2019
Intermediate
504 pages
18h 11m
English
Content preview from Dynamics and Control of Electric Transmission and Microgrids
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2Grid Characteristics and Operation
In this chapter, a three‐phase AC transmission grid is considered for study. The modeling, analysis and investigation of the dynamic characteristics is undertaken. It should be noted that the transmission grid (and even the distribution grid in rural areas) is made up of overhead transmission lines.
2.1 Description of Electric Grids
An electric power grid is a network of synchronized power providers and consumers that are connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control centres. In the past, electric grids meant mainly transmission grids at high or extra‐high voltage (up to 800 kV, line to line). In recent times, microgrids at the power distribution level (below 40 kV, line to line) have been researched and developed. While distribution networks are typically made up of radial lines operating at medium voltages, transmission networks are made of a number of lines that will provide more than one path for power flow between any two buses in the network. This arrangement provides redundancy, such that removal of one line does not affect the system reliability. As a matter of fact, contingency analysis is carried out during system planning and operation to determine the total (maximum) transfer capability (TTC) during a specific contingency condition.
The operation of the electric grid is subject to the following fundamental laws of electricity [1, 2]:
- Faraday's law
This states that the voltage measured around ...
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