Navigating the ShellThe Shell Is a Programming LanguagePaths and pwdHome Directory (~)Listing the Contents (ls)Changing Directories (cd)File Inspection (head and tail)Manipulating Files and DirectoriesCreating Files (nano, emacs, vi, cat, >, and touch)Copying and Renaming Files (cp and mv)Making Directories (mkdir)Deleting Files and Directories (rm)Flags and WildcardsGetting HelpReading the Manual (man)Finding the Right Hammer (apropos)Combining Utilities with Redirection and Pipes (>, >>, and |)Permissions and SharingSeeing Permissions (ls -l)Setting Ownership (chown)Setting Permissions (chmod)Creating Links (ln)Connecting to Other Computers (ssh and scp)The EnvironmentSaving Environment Variables (.bashrc)Running Programs (PATH)Nicknaming Commands (alias)Scripting with BashCommand Line Wrap-up