Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment

3 Opportunities and Challenges in Electric Vehicle Fleet Charging Management

Chu Sun

McGill University

Syed Qaseem Ali

Opal-RT Technologies

Geza Joos

McGill University

Contents

3.1 Introduction

3.2 EV Chargers

3.2.1 Interfaces and Standards

3.2.2 Features and Topologies

3.2.3 Controls

3.2.4 Capabilities

3.3 EV Aggregation

3.4 Available Ancillary Grid Services with Aggregated EVs

3.4.1 Frequency Response and Regulation

3.4.2 Power Smoothing

3.4.3 Load/Generation Following

3.4.4 Spinning Reserve

3.4.5 Reactive Power Support

3.4.6 Voltage Support

3.4.7 Discussion

3.5 Case Studies

3.5.1 Frequency Regulation

3.5.2 Power Smoothing

3.5.3 Load/Generation Following

3.5.4 Spinning Reserve

3.5.5 Voltage and Reactive Power Support

3.6 Challenges and ...