Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems

3

Static, Low-Frequency, and Pulsed Magnetic Fields in Biological Systems

Shoogo UenoHideyuki Okano

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Mechanisms of Biological Effects and Biomagnetic Phenomena of Magnetic Fields

3.3 Experimental Studies on Magnetic Field Effects

In Vivo Studies • Tissue, Molecular, and Cellular Studies

3.4 Response of Plants and Microorganisms to Magnetic Fields

Plant Growth, Response, and Magnetotropism • Magnetotaxis • Antibacterial Effects

3.5 Medical Applications

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Induced Current • Magnetoencephalography • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Magnetic Orientation for Tissue Engineering • Treatments of Pain, Cancer, and Other Diseases

3.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

3.1 Introduction

It is presumed ...