September 2024
Intermediate to advanced
598 pages
17h 11m
Spanish
Content preview from Electrónica Embebida Aplicada
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Capítulo 10. Control por realimentación digital
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El control de realimentación digital se utiliza en multitud de dispositivos. El dispositivo bajo control (DUC) puede ser un motor, la temperatura, un servoactuador, la presión del sistema, el caudal y muchos otros. Muchos libros de texto sobre control utilizan el término proceso o planta en lugar de DUC, debido al uso histórico de los sistemas de control por parte de los procesos industriales y las plantas de fabricación.
Antes de sumergirse en este capítulo, los lectores deben estar familiarizados con los Capítulos 7, 8 y 9, ya que ese material se utilizará aquí.
Los libros de texto sobre sistemas de control suelen adoptar un enfoque muy matemático con modelos de sistemas bien definidos. Muchos han encontrado problemas con este enfoque en la aplicación:
...las matemáticas del control implican un surtido tan desconcertante de funciones exponenciales y trigonométricas que el ingeniero medio no puede permitirse el tiempo necesario para recorrerlas hasta llegar a la solución de su problema actual. (Ziegler y Nichols, 1942)
Es deseable un enfoque matemático mínimo por conveniencia y facilidad de diseño. Además, se prefiere un sistema de control "mayoritariamente digital" a los métodos analógicos debido al coste, la consistencia del rendimiento y la facilidad de ajuste. Sin embargo, un DUC tiene un comportamiento analógico ...
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