April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
598 pages
16h 46m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
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Capítulo 10. Controlo de realimentação digital
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O controlo de feedback digital é utilizado numa grande variedade de dispositivos. O dispositivo sob controlo (DUC) pode ser um motor, temperatura, servo atuador, pressão do sistema, caudal e muitos outros. Muitos manuais de controlo utilizam o termo processo ou fábrica em vez de DUC devido à utilização histórica de sistemas de controlo em processos industriais e fábricas.
Antes de mergulhar neste capítulo, os leitores devem estar familiarizados com os Capítulos 7, 8 e 9, uma vez que esse material será utilizado aqui.
Os manuais sobre sistemas de controlo adoptam geralmente uma abordagem fortemente matemática com modelos de sistemas bem definidos. Muitos encontraram problemas com esta abordagem na aplicação:
...a matemática do controlo envolve uma variedade tão desconcertante de funções exponenciais e trigonométricas que o engenheiro médio não pode dar-se ao luxo de perder o tempo necessário para as percorrer até à solução do seu problema atual. (Ziegler & Nichols, 1942)
Uma abordagem matemática mínima é desejável por conveniência e facilidade de conceção. Além disso, um sistema de controlo "maioritariamente digital" é altamente preferível aos métodos analógicos devido ao custo, consistência do desempenho e facilidade de ajuste. No entanto, um DUC tem um comportamento analógico que está a ser controlado. Consequentemente, ...
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