
338 ◾ Enterprise Architecture A to Z
an integrated cross-connect capability, and Ethernet capabilities made possible through a service
interface. en MSPP start-ups started emerging and taking this model and adding other func-
tions to it, such as Layer 2 switching and Layer 3 routing.
10.2.2.8 DWDM Systems
WDM and high-capacity DWDM have seen major deployment in the United States since the late
1990s, particularly for long-haul or metro core applications. By using frequency division multi-
plexing (FDM) techniques on a fiber transmission system, one can achieve “fiber optic pair gain,”
where multiple signals (called lambdas) operating at different ...