4.1 Introduction4.2 Computer Aided Design, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality4.3 Design for X4.4 The Product Life Cycle4.5 The Design Process4.6 Identifying the Market Need4.7 The Product Design Specification4.8 Concept Design4.9 Detail Design4.10 Prototyping4.11 Production4.12 Contributors to the Design4.13 Some Principles of Product Design4.14 Standardisation and Modularisation4.15 A Design for Manufacture Example4.16 Conclusion