April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
368 pages
9h 33m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
book
Estatísticas Práticas para Cientistas de Dados, 2ª Edição
by Peter Bruce, Andrew Bruce, Peter Gedeck
Content preview from Estatísticas Práticas para Cientistas de Dados, 2ª Edição
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Capítulo 1. Análise exploratória de dados
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Este capítulo centra-se no primeiro passo de qualquer projeto de ciência de dados: explorar os dados.
A estatística clássica centrava-se quase exclusivamente na inferência, um conjunto por vezes complexo de procedimentos para tirar conclusões sobre grandes populações com base em pequenas amostras. Em 1962, John W. Tukey(Figura 1-1) apelou a uma reforma da estatística no seu artigo seminal "The Future of Data Analysis" [Tukey-1962]. Propôs uma nova disciplina científica chamada análise de dados que incluía a inferência estatística como apenas uma componente. Tukey estabeleceu ligações com as comunidades da engenharia e das ciências informáticas (cunhou os termos bit, abreviatura de binary digit, e software), e os seus princípios originais são surpreendentemente duradouros e fazem parte dos alicerces da ciência dos dados.O campo da análise exploratória de dados foi estabelecido com o livro agora clássico de Tukey, Exploratory Data Analysis, de 1977 [Tukey-1977]. Tukey apresentou gráficos simples (por exemplo, boxplots, gráficos de dispersão) que, juntamente com estatísticas resumidas (média, mediana, quantis, etc.), ajudam a traçar uma imagem de um conjunto de dados.
Os principais motores desta disciplina têm sido o rápido desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, o acesso a mais e maiores dados e a maior utilização da análise ...
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