4.1 Background4.2 Quick Glance at the Splitting Method4.3 Splitting Algorithm with Fixed Levels4.4 Adaptive Splitting Algorithm4.5 Sampling Uniformly on Discrete Regions4.6 Splitting Algorithm for Combinatorial Optimization4.7 Enhanced Splitting Method for Counting4.8 Application of Splitting to Reliability Models4.9 Numerical Results with the Splitting Algorithms4.10 Appendix: Gibbs Sampler