values merely require division by the shape’s area). In general, the centre of mass
(, )xy
can be calculated from the ratio of the first-order to the zero-order components as
x
m
m
y
m
m
= =
10
00
01
00
(7.78)
The first ten x-axis moments of a smooth shape are shown in Figure 7.21. The moments
rise exponentially so are plotted in logarithmic form. Evidently, the moments provide a set
of descriptions of the shape: measures that can be collected together to differentiate between
different shapes.
Figure 7.21Horizontal axis ellipse moments
Should there be an intensity transformation that scales brightness by a particular factor,
say,
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