Security and the OSI Model
Network security encompasses several orthogonal services, including user authentication, message authentication, and confidentiality, which may be used together or separately. Authentication is a term that has at least two meanings in the context of network security.
One type of “authentication” in network protocols involves the use of cryptographic techniques to “sign” a message, in such a way that only the signing party could have sent it. Certain applications only need to know that the message has not been altered in transit, and it is not important to keep the “protected” messages secret. In such cases, the application programmer, or the person who has deployed and configured the system, has deemed that the application ...
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