
160 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS
In hydraulic applications we generally assume that the mechanical
and thermal behaviour are uncoupled. Hence the flow is assumed to
satisfy a relationship /(p, p) = 0, called a barotropic equation of
state.
A particular barotropic relationship for adiabatic changes is
p = c
p
y
or
P
= κρ^
where C, K and y are constants.
In general, we have an equation of
state
such as (4.64) plus another
relating u to p and T
u = u(p, T)
4.5 CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS—NEWTONIAN FLUID
Let us now consider the relationship between stress and strain rates.
The term 'Newtonian' fluid refers to a fluid for which the viscous ...