Food Engineering Automation with Robotics and AI

Chapter 8PID Control Techniques in Food Processing

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• This chapter provides a review of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control principles, focusing strictly on techniques applicable to needs in the food industry, and from basic principles of industrial control to such advanced structures as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) PID, control in order to provide an excellent theoretical background and hands-on experience.
• Effective Troubleshooting and Optimization: Process loop checklists, simple PID tuning methods, and common issues in implementation will allow the reader to troubleshoot and optimize control systems effectively in food processing environments.
• Applied Insights Through Case Studies: Case studies, which are presented from the real world, improve comprehension by showing applications of PID control in food processing conditions. Readers will be able to apply the concepts learned directly to the challenges facing them in industrial practice, in order to optimize the processes.

Control algorithms determine the course of action through two primary mechanisms. The open loop system operates on fixed parameters that do not adjust during its operation. Conversely, the closed loop system employs sensors to gauge the discrepancy between the system’s desired and actual states, using this error to guide future actions.

Open-loop Control

Consider, for instance, a toaster, which works almost independently. ...