
Appendix C
Logic
In this appendix, we very briefly recall some logical foundations which are
needed for our discussions of formal se mantics. We will completely introduce
syntax and semantics of first-order predicate logic, but will refrain from doing
formal proofs or extended examples.
For acquiring a more comprehensive background on logic, we suggest [Sch08]
or [EFT96].
C.1 Syntax
An signature (V, C, F, P ) of a first-order language consists of
• a set V of variables, which is countably infinite,
• a set C of constant symbols,
• a set F of function symbols, each of which comes with an arity, which
is a positive integer, and
• a set P of predicate or relation ...