2.1 Semiconductor Materials and Their Properties2.1.1 Charge Carriers in Solids2.1.2 Modification of Carrier Densities2.1.3 Transport of Carriers2.2 pn Junction2.2.1 pn Junction in Equilibrium2.2.2 pn Junction Under Reverse Bias2.2.3 pn Junction Under Forward Bias2.2.4 I/V Characteristics2.3 Reverse Breakdown2.3.1 Zener Breakdown2.3.2 Avalanche Breakdown2.4 Chapter SummaryProblemsSPICE Problems