You can test it with a pre-loaded sound file and the sound playback
utility aplay:
$ aplay /usr/share/scratch/Media/Sounds/Human/PartyNoise.wav
If you’re using an HDMI display, by default, the sound will be played
through the HDMI device.
To adjust the volume output, run alsamixer and use your arrow keys
to change the gain.
You’re not limited to the onboard sound; you can also add USB audio
devices. Many USB audio devices even have an audio input so that
you can use your Raspberry Pi to record audio in addition to playing it.
The easiest way to enable a particular audio device is to open VLC
from the Sound & Video menu. Once VLC is open, click on Audio at
the top of the window and select your preferred audio device.
Upgrading Your Firmware
Some