11Introduction to SAS
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they must be written in the same case as they appear in the original data set
and must be enclosed in either single or double quotation marks.
An expression can be categorized into simple, compound, and WHERE (dis-
cussed in Section 1.4.1). A simple expression can contain no more than one
operator, while a compound expression can contain more than one. You can
connect one or more simple expressions with logical operators to form a
compound expression.
A SAS function can also be considered an operator because a function per-
forms a certain type of calculation and returns a value. More details about
SAS functions are discussed in Chapter 9. You can use SAS functions in
DATA step statements or in a WHERE expression. Here’