
45
4
BY-Group Processing in the DATA Step
4.1 Introduction to BY-Group Processing
Most of the examples in previous chapters used a data set that contains
only one observation per subject. Sometimes you will also work with data
with multiple observations per subject. This type of data often results from
repeated measures for each subject and is often called longitudinal data.
Longitudinal Data and SAS
®
A Programmer’s Guide (Cody, 2005) provides many
useful applications for manipulating longitudinal data.
Applications that involve longitudinal data often require identifying
the beginning or end of measurement for each subject. This can be
accomp