book

IBM WebSphere® Application Server for Distributed Platforms and z/OS®: An Administrator’s Guide

by Ann Black, Mike Everett, Dave Draeger, Kyle Miller, Radhike Iyer, Keith McGuinnes, Dipak Patel, Mihaela Herescu, Thomas Gissel, Michel Betancourt, Mike Casile, Yu Tang, Alan Beaubien

December 2004

Intermediate to advanced

992 pages

24h 55m

English

IBM Press

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Foreword
Acknowledgments
1. WebSphere Environment Overview
1. Introduction
1.1. About This Book1.2. Conventions Used In This Book
2. Compare and Contrast: WebSphere on z/OS and the Distributed Platforms
Objectives2.1. Supported Platforms2.2. Differences Between z/OS and the Distributed Operating Systems2.3. z/OS Quality of Service Features2.4. WebSphere on the Distributed Platforms and z/OS2.5. Summary
3. WebSphere Architecture and Design
Objectives3.1. Introduction3.2. Product Packaging3.3. Network Deployment (ND) Architecture3.3.1. Network Deployment and Base Core Concepts3.3.2. Server Process3.3.3. Node and Node Agent3.3.4. Cell and Deployment Manager3.4. WebSphere Components3.4.1. Web Container3.4.2. EJB Container3.4.3. JCA Service3.4.4. JTA/JTS Service3.4.5. JDBC and Connection Pooling3.4.6. JMS Service3.4.7. Naming Service3.4.8. Security Service3.4.9. Administrative Service3.4.10. Configuration Repository3.4.11. Administrative Tools3.4.12. Enterprise Applications3.4.13. Web Services3.4.14. JavaMail Service3.4.15. Application Client Container3.4.16. HTTP Server Plug-in3.4.17. Distributed Management Model3.4.18. Clustering3.5. ND Architectural Considerations for z/OS Platform3.5.1. The Address Space3.5.2. The Minimum3.5.3. The Server3.5.4. The Node3.5.5. The Cell3.5.6. The Cluster3.6. Summary
4. WebSphere Topology: Distributed and z/OS
Objectives4.1. Overview4.2. Choosing a Topology4.2.1. Topology Planning Considerations4.2.1.1. Security4.2.1.2. Cost4.2.1.3. Administration4.2.1.4. Performance4.2.1.5. Availability4.2.1.6. Scalability4.2.1.7. Session State4.2.1.8. Planning Considerations Summary4.3. Topology Examples4.3.1. Single Server Topology4.4. Three-Tier Topology4.5. MultiTier and MultiCell Topology (Gold Standard—99.999%)4.6. Mixed Server Topology4.7. Topology Planning for z/OS4.7.1. The Configurations on z/OS4.7.2. Monoplex4.7.3. Single System with Every Tester Having Their Own Base Cell, Node, and Application Server4.7.4. Single System, Single Base Cell, Single Node with Multiple Application Servers4.7.5. Single System, Deployment Manager Cell, Any Combination of Node, Server, Cluster4.7.6. The Deployment Manager Node (Also Called a Network Deployment Installation)4.7.7. The Node Agent4.7.8. Sysplex4.7.9. Other Topology Considerations—Coexisting Installations4.8. Summary
5. WebSphere Installation—Distributed
Objectives5.1. Overview5.2. Installation Considerations5.2.1. Administration5.2.2. Security5.2.3. Performance5.2.4. Software Prerequisites5.2.5. Hardware Prerequisites5.3. Migrating to WebSphere V5.05.3.1. A Big Jump from WebSphere V3.5 to WebSphere V5.05.3.2. A Small Hop from WebSphere V4.0 to WebSphere V55.4. Installation of WebSphere Application Server V55.4.1. Installation with the Graphical Installer5.4.2. Installation with the Silent Installer5.5. WebSphere Installation on Linux Example5.5.1. WebSphere Application Server Base Edition Installation5.5.2. WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment Edition Installation5.5.3. Additional Recommended Steps5.5.4. Installing an Interim Fix and Fix Pack on WebSphere5.6. Summary

6. WebSphere Installation—z/OS
Objectives6.1. Preinstallation Considerations6.1.1. Administration6.1.2. Security6.1.3. Performance6.1.4. Software Prerequisites6.1.5. Hardware Prerequisites6.1.6. Migrating to WebSphere 5.06.1.7. A Big Jump from WebSphere V3.5 to WebSphere V5.06.1.8. A Small Hop from WebSphere V4.01 to WebSphere V5.06.2. Installation6.2.1. SMP/e Overview6.2.1.1. HFS6.2.1.2. Link Editing Review6.2.1.3. SMP/e6.3. The Customization Process6.3.1. The ISPF Panels6.3.1.1. Invoke the Panels from ISPF Option 66.3.1.2. Navigate Past the Splash Screen and License Information6.3.1.3. Choose Which of the Four Configuration Options You Want to Setup6.3.1.4. Configure Base Application Server Node6.3.1.5. A Base Configuration6.3.2. Allocate Target Data Sets6.3.3. Define WebSphere Variables6.3.4. Generate Customization Jobs6.3.5. Download the Directions to Your Workstation6.3.6. Save Variables6.3.6.1. Download the Generated Directions and follow them to create a WebSphere V5.0 Base6.3.7. Directions to Create a WebSphere V5.0 Base6.3.8. Manual System Changes6.3.9. Starting the Base Environment6.3.9.1. The Initial Verification Test6.4. Logging into the Base Administration Console6.5. Deployment Manager Node6.5.1. A Network Deployment Configuration6.5.2. Allocate Target Data Sets for the Deployment Manager Node6.5.2.1. Define Variables for the Deployment Manager Node6.5.2.2. Download the Generated Directions and Follow Them to Create a WebSphere Deployment Manager6.5.2.3. Manual System Changes6.5.3. Jobs and Started Procedures That Make Configuration Changes6.5.3.1. Update the Application Server’s WLM Application Environment6.5.4. Start the Node Agent Server6.5.5. Start the Application Server6.5.6. Logging into the Network Deployment Administrative Console6.6. Summary
7. Getting Started with WebSphere—An Overview
Objectives7.1. A Basic WebSphere System7.1.1. First Steps7.2. The WebSphere Administrative Console7.3. WebSphere Directory Structure on Distributed7.4. WebSphere Directory Structure on z/OS7.4.1. WebSphere Directory Structure in USS7.4.1.1. The WebSphere read/write configuration directory in USS7.4.1.2. The WebSphere read/only product directory in USS7.4.2. WebSphere Directory Structure in MVS7.5. Starting and Stopping WebSphere7.6. Tools Installed with WebSphere7.6.1. Tools for Installing and Upgrading7.6.1.1. ClientUpgrade DistributedOnly7.6.1.2. WasPreUpgrade DistributedOnly7.6.1.3. WasPostUpgrade DistributedOnly7.6.2. Tools for Assembling and Deploying Applications7.6.2.1. Application Assembly Tool (AAT)7.6.2.2. Assembly Toolkit (ATK)7.6.2.3. Ejbdeploy Tool7.6.2.4. Application Client Resource Configuration Tool7.6.3. Administration Tools7.6.3.1. BackupConfig Tool7.6.3.2. RestoreConfig Tool7.6.3.3. VersionInfo7.6.3.4. Administrative Scripting Tool7.6.3.5. XML-SOAP Administrative Tool7.6.3.6. UDDI User Console7.6.3.7. dumpNameSpace Tool7.6.4. Tools for Monitoring and Tuning7.6.4.1. Monitoring through the WebSphere Administrative Console7.6.4.2. Tivoli Performance Viewer7.6.5. Tools for Problem Determination7.6.5.1. Log Analyzer7.6.5.2. Collector Tool DistributedOnly7.6.5.3. Showlog Tool DistributedOnly7.7. Summary
2. WebSphere Configuration
8. Configuring WebSphere Application Server
Objectives8.1. Creating and Configuring Application Servers8.1.1. Creating an Application Server8.1.2. Templates8.1.3. Configuring Application Servers8.1.3.1. Web Container ConfigurationGeneral PropertiesAdditional PropertiesHTTP TransportsThread PoolCustom PropertiesEJB Container8.1.4. ORB Service Configuration8.1.5. Transaction Service8.2. Creating and Configuring WebSphere Data Sources and JDBC Providers8.2.1. WebSphere Data Sources (Version 4)8.2.2. WebSphere Data Sources8.2.3. Creating the Trade 3 JDBC Provider and Data Source8.2.3.1. Creating the Trade 3 DB2 JDBC Provider8.2.3.2. Creating the Trade 3 Data Source8.3. Configuring the WebSphere Environment8.3.1. Configuring Virtual Hosts8.3.2. Managing WebSphere Variables8.4. Creating WebSphere Variables8.5. Session Management8.5.1. General Properties8.5.2. Session Affinity8.5.3. Session Persistence8.5.3.1. Session Persistence via DatabaseEnabling Session Persistence via Database8.5.3.2. Session Persistence Using Memory-to-Memory ReplicationClient/Server ModePeer to Peer ModeEnabling Session Persistence Using Memory-to-Memory Replication DomainsCreating Replication DomainsEnabling Memory-to-Memory Persistence8.5.4. Database versus Memory-to-Memory Replication8.5.4.1. Distributed Sessions Tuning Parameters8.6. Summary
9. The WebSphere Naming Service
Objectives9.1. Naming Service Architecture9.1.1. Namespace Partitions9.1.2. Bootstrap Ports9.1.3. Bindings in the Distributed Namespace9.2. Interoperability9.2.1. Clients Running on Previous Versions of WebSphere9.2.2. Non-WebSphere Clients9.2.3. Accessing Older WebSphere Servers from Version 5 Clients9.3. Administratively Configured Bindings9.4. The dumpNameSpace Tool9.4.1. Syntax9.4.1.1. Options9.4.1.2. Example9.5. Summary
10. The Web Server Plug-in
Objectives10.1. An Overview of the Web Server Plug-in10.2. Installing the Web Server Plug-in10.2.1. Preinstall Preparation10.2.2. Installation Steps10.2.3. Verifying the Installation10.3. Basic Plug-in Configuration10.3.1. The Plug-in Configuration File10.3.1.1. Updating the Configuration File10.3.1.2. Where to Put the Configuration File10.3.2. Servers and Clusters10.3.3. Configuring Virtual Hosts10.3.4. Configuring URIs10.4. Advanced Plug-in Configuration10.4.1. Editing the Configuration File10.4.2. Understanding Routes10.4.3. Customizing Load Balancing Settings10.4.3.1. The LoadBalance Attribute10.4.3.2. Session Affinity10.4.3.3. The LoadBalanceWeight Attribute10.4.3.4. The MaxConnections Attribute10.4.3.5. Primary and Backup Servers10.5. Securing Communication Between the Plug-in and the Application Server10.5.1. Creating Security Certificates with ikeyman10.5.2. Creating a Secure Transport for the Web Container10.5.3. Configuring the Plug-in to Use a Secure Transport10.6. Tuning Plug-in Failover for Your Environment10.6.1. About Plug-in Failover10.6.1.1. RetryInterval10.6.1.2. ConnectTimeout10.6.1.3. MaxConnectBacklog10.6.2. Considerations for Multiprocessed Web Servers10.7. Web Server Plug-in Logging and Tracing10.7.1. The Plug-in Log File10.7.1.1. The Plug-in Log Format10.8. Summary
11. The Java Message Service
Objectives11.1. Java Message Service11.1.1. Queues11.1.2. Topics11.2. Overview WebSphere Application Server JMS Providers11.2.1. The WebSphere JMS Provider11.2.2. The WebSphere MQ JMS Provider11.2.3. The Generic JMS Provider11.2.4. JMS Web Services Support11.3. JMS Topology—Base Installation versus Network Deployment11.4. Managing a JMS Server11.4.1. Configuring the Internal JMS Server11.4.2. Configuring the Message Listener Service11.4.3. Configuring Listener Ports11.4.4. Configuring the Message Listener Service Thread Pool11.4.5. Configuring a JMS Provider11.4.5.1. JMS Provider Basics—Trade3 Example11.4.5.2. WebSphere JMS Provider11.4.5.3. Configuring Queues11.4.5.4. Configuring Queue Connection Factories11.4.5.5. Configuring Queue Destination11.4.5.6. Configuring the Internal JMS Server Queues11.4.5.7. Configuring Topics11.4.5.8. Configuring Topic Connection Factories11.4.5.9. Configuring Topic Destinations11.4.6. Configuring WebSphere MQ JMS Provider11.4.6.1. Configuring WebSphere MQ JMS Queues11.4.6.2. Configuring WebSphere MQ Queue Connection Factories11.4.6.3. Configuring WebSphere MQ Queue Destination11.4.6.4. Configuring WebSphere MQ JMS Topics11.4.6.5. Configuring WebSphere MQ Topic Connection Factories11.4.6.6. Configuring WebSphere MQ Topic Destinations11.4.7. Generic JMS Provider11.4.7.1. Configuring Generic JMS Queues11.4.7.2. Configuring Generic JMS Topics11.4.7.3. Configuring Generic JMS Destinations11.4.7.4. Configuring Generic JMS Connection Factories11.5. JMS Provider Security11.5.1. JMS Security Overview11.5.1.1. WebSphere JMS Provider Authentication and Authorization11.5.1.2. WebSphere MQ JMS Provider Authentication and Authorization11.5.1.3. Generic JMS Provider Authentication and Authorization11.6. Installing WebSphere MQ11.7. Migrating from WebSphere Embedded Messaging to WebSphere MQ11.8. Tuning JMS11.9. WebSphere MQ Connection Pooling11.10. Troubleshooting Tips for JMS11.10.1. Tools for Troubleshooting11.10.1.1. Internal JMS Server Tools11.11. Configuring JMS on z/OS11.11.1. The ISPF Panels11.11.1.1. Invoke the Panels from ISPF Option 611.11.1.2. Navigate Past the Splash Screen and License Information11.11.1.3. Choose Which of the Four Configuration Possibilities You Want to Setup11.11.1.4. Allocate Target Data Sets11.11.1.5. Allocate Target Data Sets11.11.1.6. Define WebSphere Variables for the Integral JMS Provider11.11.1.7. Download the Directions to Your Workstation11.11.1.8. Save Variables11.11.1.9. Download the Generated Directions and Follow Them to Create a WebSphere BaseManual System Changes11.11.1.10. Stop the Application Server11.11.1.11. Start the Application Server with Your Configured IJP11.12. Summary
12. Web Services—An Overview
Objectives12.1. Web Services Overview12.2. Support for Web Services in WebSphere V512.3. Web Services Implementation in WebSphere12.4. Installing Web Services Components in WebSphere12.4.1. Install WebSphere Network Deployment with Web Services Option12.4.2. Setup Access to UDDI Registry12.4.3. Install Web Services Gateway12.5. Installing a Web Services Application12.5.1. Making the Application SOAP Enabled12.5.2. Installing a SOAPenabled EAR file12.5.3. Configuring Namespace URI and WSDL URI12.5.4. Deploying Channels12.5.5. Deploying Filters12.5.6. Deploying UDDI References12.5.7. Deploying Services to the Gateway12.6. The Customization Process for the Web Services Technology on z/OS12.6.1. The Web Services Gateway (V5.0.2 or Newer on z/OS)12.6.1.1. The ISPF Panels12.6.1.2. Download the Web Services Development Kit and Install on Your Workstation12.7. Summary
13. WebSphere Security on the Distributed Platforms
Objectives13.1. Securing Your WebSphere Environment13.2. WebSphere Global Security Components Overview13.3. WebSphere Security Administration13.3.1. Global Security13.3.2. Configuring a User Registry13.3.2.1. Local OS13.3.2.2. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)13.3.2.3. Custom User Registry13.3.3. Configuring Authentication Mechanisms13.3.3.1. SWAM13.3.3.2. LTPATrust AssociationSingle Signon (SSO)13.3.4. Enabling Global Security13.3.5. Configuring Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)13.3.6. Configure the Authentication Protocol13.3.7. Configuring Java Authentication and Authorization Service13.3.7.1. Configuring Application Logins13.3.7.2. Configuring J2C Authentication Data13.3.8. Override Global Security Configurations at the Server Level13.3.9. Performance Considerations13.3.10. Security-Related Configuration Files13.4. Operational Considerations13.4.1. Run WebSphere Using a Non-root User on UNIX Systems13.4.2. File Permissions13.4.3. Administrative Roles13.4.4. Naming and Security13.5. Trace Specifications for Security13.5.1. Enabling Server Trace13.5.2. Enabling Client Trace13.6. Summary
14. WebSphere Security on the z/OS Platform
Objectives14.1. Configure z/OS Security for WebSphere14.2. z/OS Security Concepts14.2.1. System Authorization Facility (SAF)14.2.2. Resource Access Control Facility (RACF)14.2.3. z/OS UNIX Security14.2.4. Started Tasks and User ID14.3. Walkthrough of a Sample RACF Job for Configuring Security for WebSphere14.3.1. Users/groups and Started Tasks14.3.2. Profiles to Protect WebSphere on z/OS Infrastructure14.3.3. Additional Permissions Required by WebSphere on z/OS14.3.4. Consolidate Users and Profiles14.3.5. SSL Setup14.3.6. WebSphere 5.0.214.4. WebSphere on z/OS Security Administration14.4.1. Local OS User Registry14.4.2. Thread Identity and Synchronize to OS Thread14.4.3. Use EJBROLE for Authorization14.4.4. Use ICSF as Authentication Mechanism14.4.5. Configure System SSL Repertoire14.4.6. zSAS14.5. Summary
3. Assembling and Deploying Applications in WebSphere
15. Assembling Applications in WebSphere
Objectives15.1. Introduction15.2. J2EE Development Roles15.2.1. J2EE Product Provider15.2.2. Tool Provider15.2.3. Application Component Provider15.2.4. Application Assembler15.2.5. Application Deployer15.2.6. System Administrator15.3. Application Assembly Considerations15.4. What Is an EAR File?15.5. Assembly Options15.5.1. Application Assembly Tool15.5.2. WebSphere Studio15.5.3. Application Server Toolkit15.5.4. Apache Ant15.6. Packaging Considerations15.6.1. Separating Static and Dynamic Web Content15.6.2. IBM Extensions15.6.2.1. Dynamic Caching15.6.2.2. Servlet Reloading15.6.2.3. EJB CachingOption A—Activate at “Once”, Load at “Activation”Option B—Activate at “Once”, Load at “Transaction”Option C—Activate at “Transaction”, Load at “Transaction”15.6.2.4. Access Intent15.6.2.5. JSP Precompilation15.6.3. J2EE References15.6.4. Deploying Common Code15.6.4.1. Sharing Common Code at Run Time15.6.4.2. Understanding Classloader and Module VisibilityClassloader Isolation PoliciesClassloader ExampleOption 1Option 2Option 3Option 4Setting the Application Classloader PolicySetting the Web Application Classloader PolicyClassloader ModesWebSphere Classloader Viewer15.7. Configuring Application Security15.8. J2EE 1.3 Application Assembly15.8.1. Assembling an Application15.8.2. Assembling Application Client Modules15.8.3. Assembling Web Modules15.8.4. Assembling EJB Modules15.8.5. Putting It All Together—Assembling the Enterprise Archive (EAR)15.9. Summary
16. Securing Applications in WebSphere
Objectives16.1. Securing Your Application16.1.1. Declarative Security16.1.2. Programmatic Security16.1.3. Security and the Application Deployment Descriptor16.1.4. Security Roles Used in This Chapter16.2. Securing Web Applications16.2.1. Configuring Web Module Security16.2.1.1. Create Security Roles16.2.1.2. Create Security Constraints16.2.1.3. Security Role References16.2.1.4. Run-As Role for Web Components16.2.2. Securing EJB Applications16.2.2.1. Introduction16.2.2.2. Security Roles16.2.2.3. Method Permissions16.2.2.4. Security Role References16.2.2.5. Run-As Role for EJB Components16.2.2.6. EJB Type Level16.2.2.7. Individual EJB Level16.2.2.8. EJB Method Level16.2.2.9. Defining Run-As Roles in the ATK16.2.2.10. Bean Level16.2.2.11. Method Level16.2.2.12. Excludes List16.2.3. Finalizing Your Application Security Configuration16.2.3.1. Configuring Policy Files16.2.3.2. Mapping Users and Groups to Roles16.2.3.3. Mapping Users to Run-As Roles16.2.4. Performance Considerations for Application Security16.3. Summary
17. Deploying Applications in WebSphere
Objectives17.1. Planning for Application Deployment17.1.1. Deployment Architecture17.1.1.1. Single/Multiple Applications per Application Server17.1.1.2. WebSphere Classloaders17.1.1.3. Shared Sessions17.1.1.4. Deploying Common Utility JarsSharing Common Code at Runtime17.1.1.5. Separating Web and EJB Modules to Different Application Servers17.1.1.6. Deploying in a Clustered EnvironmentReplication in a Clustered EnvironmentUpgrades and Rollbacks in a Clustered Environment17.1.2. Checklist Before Deploying Your Application17.2. Deployment Tools17.2.1. WebSphere Administrative Console17.2.2. wsadmin17.2.3. WebSphere Studio Application Developer17.3. Installing an Application on WebSphere17.3.1. Choosing a Module to Install17.3.2. Generating Default Bindings17.3.2.1. Prefixes17.3.2.2. Override17.3.2.3. EJB 1.1 CMP Bindings17.3.2.4. Connection Factory Bindings17.3.2.5. Virtual Host17.3.2.6. Specific Bindings File17.3.2.7. Steps for Trade317.3.3. Install New Application17.3.3.1. Installation Step: Application Deployment OptionsPrecompile JSPsDirectory to Install ApplicationDistribute ApplicationUse Binary ConfigurationDeploy EJBsCreate MBeans for ResourcesEnable Class ReloadingReload Interval in SecondsDeploy Web ServicesSteps for Trade317.3.3.2. Installation Step: EJBDeploy OptionsSteps for Trade317.3.3.3. Installation Step: Provide Listener Ports for Messaging BeansSteps for Trade317.3.3.4. Installation Step: Provide JNDI Names for BeansSteps for Trade317.3.3.5. Installation Step: Default DataSource Mapping for CMP EJB 2.0Steps for Trade317.3.3.6. Installation Step: Map Data Sources for all 2.0 CMP beansSteps for Trade317.3.3.7. Installation Step: Provide Default Data Source Mapping for Modules Containing 1.x Entity BeansSteps for Trade317.3.3.8. Installation Step: Map Data Sources for All 1.x CMP17.3.3.9. Installation Step: Map EJB ReferencesSteps for Trade317.3.3.10. Installation Step: Map Resource References to ResourcesSteps for Trade317.3.3.11. Installation Step: Map Resource Env References to ResourcesSteps for Trade317.3.3.12. Installation Step: Map Virtual Hosts for Web ModulesSteps for Trade317.3.3.13. Installation Step: Map Modules to Application ServersSteps for Trade317.3.3.14. Installation Step: Map Security Roles to Users/GroupsSteps for Trade317.3.3.15. Installation Step: Replacing RunAs System to RunAs RolesSteps for Trade317.3.3.16. Installation Step: Map RunAs Roles to UsersSteps for Trade317.3.3.17. Installation Step: Ensure All Unprotected 1.x Methods Have the Correct Level of ProtectionSteps for Trade317.3.3.18. Installation Step: Ensure All Unprotected 2.0 Methods Have the Correct Level of ProtectionSteps for Trade317.3.3.19. Steps for Trade317.3.3.20. Installation Step: SummarySteps for Trade317.4. Postinstallation Deployment Options17.4.1. Postinstallation Application Environment Setup17.4.1.1. Configuring Shared LibrariesScope of the Shared Library17.4.1.2. Regenerating the Web Server Plug-in Configuration17.4.1.3. Exporting the EAR and DDLs17.4.1.4. Configuring Startup BehaviorDisabling Automatic Application StartupApplication and Application Module Starting Weights17.4.2. Testing the Application After Installation17.4.3. Updating an Application17.4.3.1. Altering the Application Configuration After Installation17.4.3.2. Updating (Reinstalling) the Application Binaries17.4.3.3. Hot Deployment and Dynamic Reloading17.4.4. Uninstalling an Application17.5. Summary
4. WebSphere Management
18. Workload Management Overview: Distributed
Objectives18.1. Overview18.2. Understanding Clusters and Workload Management18.2.1. Types of Clusters18.2.1.1. Vertical Clusters18.2.1.2. Horizontal Clusters18.2.2. Advantages of Using Clusters18.2.3. Disadvantages of Using Clusters18.2.4. Understanding WebSphere Workload Management18.2.4.1. HTTP Client vs. EJB Client Workload Management18.2.4.2. The EJB Lookup and Creation Process18.2.4.3. The EJB Request Distribution Process18.2.4.4. Overriding the Default EJB Request Distribution Process18.2.4.5. From Understanding to Application18.2.5. Cluster and Cluster Member Administration18.2.6. Cluster and Cluster Member Creation18.2.7. Cluster Configuration18.2.8. Cluster Runtime Controls18.2.9. Cluster Tuning18.2.10. Cluster Troubleshooting18.3. EJB Workload Management Administration18.3.1. EJB Workload Management Configuration18.3.2. EJB Workload Management Tuning18.3.3. EJB Workload Management Troubleshooting18.4. Summary
19. Workload Management Overview: z/OS
Objectives19.1. Introduction19.2. The Purpose of Workload Management on z/OS19.3. How WebSphere Affects Your WLM Strategy19.4. The Elements of a WLM Policy19.4.1. Service Definition19.4.2. Service Policies19.4.3. Workloads19.4.3.1. Workloads Based on Subsystem19.4.3.2. Workloads Based on Type of Business19.4.3.3. User Defined Workloads19.4.4. Service Classes19.4.4.1. Base Goal within a Service Class19.4.4.2. Average Response Time and Response Time with Percentile19.4.4.3. Velocity Goals19.4.4.4. Discretionary Goals19.4.4.5. Duration, Importance, and Period Aging for Heterogeneous Work19.4.5. Resource Groups19.4.5.1. Classification Rules and Classification Groups19.4.6. Application Environments19.4.6.1. Report Classes19.4.7. Coefficient19.4.8. Bringing It All Together19.4.8.1. Containers for the WLM Policy19.4.8.2. Address Space and Application Environment Definitions19.4.8.3. Segregated Reporting of Data19.4.8.4. Other Items to Segregate19.4.8.5. Service Classes19.4.8.6. Coefficients19.5. Summary
20. Automated WebSphere Administration
Objectives20.1. Overview20.1.1. Why Should You Automate Your Environment?20.1.2. Automation Capabilities of WebSphere V520.1.3. Installation Response Files20.1.4. Creating an Installation Response File20.1.5. Shell Scripts20.1.6. Effectively Using Command Line Scripts20.1.7. WebSphere Ant Tasks20.1.8. Java Management eXtentions (JMX)20.1.9. An Example JMX Client20.1.10. Wsadmin20.1.10.1. Using Wsadmin Interactively20.1.11. Some Wsadmin and WebSphere Interaction Details20.1.11.1. Debugging Wsadmin Scripts20.2. Real World Solutions—Putting It All Together20.3. Summary
5. WebSphere Performance
21. Monitoring WebSphere Performance
Objectives21.1. What Should Be Monitored21.1.1. Three Views of the Environment21.1.1.1. End User View21.1.1.2. System ViewApplication View21.2. Performance Monitoring Technologies in WebSphere21.2.1. Performance Monitoring Infrastructure21.2.2. PMI Request Metrics21.2.3. Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface21.3. How to Monitor21.3.1. Introduction to Tivoli Performance Viewer21.3.2. Monitoring the End User View21.3.2.1. End User View Monitoring ToolsIBM Tivoli Monitoring for Transaction Performance V5.2Mercury Topaz Real User Monitor21.3.3. Monitoring the System View21.3.3.1. Core System PerformanceWindowsCPU Usage MonitoringDISK Utilization MonitoringMemory Usage MonitoringUNIX/Linux21.3.3.2. Application PerformanceMonitoring ServletsMonitoring EJBsMonitoring SessionsRequest FlowWeb ServerWeb Container and Database21.3.3.3. WebSphere Health21.3.3.4. Other System View Monitoring Tools21.3.4. Monitoring the Application View21.3.4.1. Application View Monitoring ToolsIBM Tivoli Monitoring for Transaction Performance V5.2Veritas Indepth for J2EEWily 421.4. Summary
22. WebSphere Performance Tuning
Objectives22.1. Introduction22.2. Types of Performance Tuning22.2.1. Application Tuning22.3. WebSphere Performance Tuning22.3.1. WebSphere System Queues22.3.1.1. Queue Types22.4. Tuning the Application Server22.4.1. Hardware22.4.1.1. Disk Speed22.4.1.2. System Memory22.4.1.3. Networks22.4.2. Operating System TCP Settings22.4.2.1. Microsoft Windows22.4.2.2. Sun Solaris22.4.2.3. IBM AIX22.4.2.4. HP-UX22.4.3. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)22.4.3.1. General JVM TuningInitial Heap SizeMaximum Heap SizeOptional Command Line Arguments22.4.3.2. Making Changes to Generic JVM Settings22.4.3.3. JVM Platform Specific SettingsIBM JVMHP JVMSolaris JVM22.4.4. Java Message Service (JMS)22.4.4.1. Message Listener Service Thread Pool22.4.4.2. Maximum Sessions22.4.4.3. Maximum Messages22.4.4.4. Configuring JMS Settings22.4.5. WebSphere ORB22.4.5.1. Pass by Reference22.4.5.2. ORB Thread PoolMinimum and Maximum Thread PoolRequest Timeout22.4.5.3. Making Changes to ORB Settings22.4.5.4. WebSphere Dynamic Caching22.4.5.5. Enabling Dynamic Caching22.4.6. EJB Container22.4.6.1. Cleanup Interval22.4.6.2. Cache Size22.4.6.3. Adjusting EJB Container Settings22.4.7. Web Container22.4.7.1. Minimum and Maximum Threads22.4.7.2. Is-Growable Option22.4.8. Adjusting Web Container Thread Pool Settings22.4.9. HTTP Transport Custom Properties22.4.9.1. KeepAliveEnabled22.4.9.2. MaxKeepAliveConnections22.4.9.3. MaxKeepAliveRequests22.4.9.4. Setting Custom HTTP Transport Properties22.4.10. Database Connection Pooling22.4.10.1. Maximum Pool Size22.4.10.2. Minimum Pool Size22.4.10.3. Prepared Statement Cache Size22.4.10.4. Setting Data Source Properties22.5. Summary
23. WebSphere Performance Tuning—z/OS
Objectives23.1. Overview23.1.1. Problem versus Perception and z/OS Resources23.2. Repeatable Performance Scenarios23.2.1. Test System23.2.2. Test Tools23.2.2.1. Scripts23.2.2.2. Restoring the Data for Each Test23.2.3. Simplification of Scenario23.3. Relevance of z/OS and Subsystems23.3.1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)23.3.2. UNIX System Services (USS)23.3.3. Resource Recovery Services (RRS)23.3.4. Cross-System Coupling Facility (XCF)23.3.5. Workload Manager (WLM)23.3.6. Miscellaneous Considerations23.4. The Container23.4.1. Topology23.4.2. Run Time Settings in the Controller23.5. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)23.5.1. Garbage Collection23.5.1.1. Understanding verboseGC Output23.5.1.2. Soft References23.5.1.3. Memory LeaksHeap Settings23.5.2. Just In Time (JIT) Compiler23.5.3. Java Tracing23.5.4. Java Stack Traces23.6. Administration and Monitoring23.6.1. First, Read the Manual23.6.2. RMF and WLM Overview23.6.3. WebSphere and WLM Classification23.6.3.1. Basic WLM Considerations23.6.3.2. Classifying Work into EnclavesRouting WebSphere URLs to Specific Service Classes23.6.3.3. Classifying Nonenclave WorkHandling the Servant Address Spaces and Threads23.6.3.4. RMF Considerations23.6.3.5. RMF ReportsSummary ReportPartition Data ReportCPU ActivityWorkload Activity23.6.4. DB223.6.4.1. JDBC Tracing and Reduction23.6.5. DB2 Tracing23.6.5.1. System Parameter Report23.6.5.2. Statistics Reports23.6.5.3. Accounting Reports23.7. HTTP Front-End Handlers for WebSphere23.7.1. Browser/Workload Direct to Controller HTTP/HTTPS Transport23.7.2. z/OS IHS HTTP/HTTPS Plug-in Forwarding23.7.3. Distributed HTTP/HTTPS Plug-in Forwarding23.7.4. WebSphere Edge Components23.7.5. Note About Sysplex Distributor23.8. Cookbook Approach to Problem Resolution23.8.1. Nonintrusive Procedures23.8.2. Intrusive Procedures23.9. Summary
6. Troubleshooting WebSphere
24. WebSphere Problem Determination Tools—Logging and Tracing
24.1. WebSphere Log Files24.1.1. JVM Logs24.1.1.1. Configuring the JVM Log Files24.1.1.2. Viewing the JVM Log Files24.1.2. Process Logs24.1.2.1. Configuring the Process Log Files24.1.2.2. Viewing the Process Log Files24.1.3. Service Logs24.1.3.1. Configuring the Service Log24.1.3.2. Viewing the Service Log24.1.3.3. Specialty Logs24.1.3.4. Installation Logs24.1.3.5. Update Logs24.1.3.6. Web Server Plug-in Logs24.1.3.7. Embedded HTTP Server LogsEnabling the Access Log FileEnabling the Error Log FileDisabling the Access and Error Files24.1.3.8. Utility Logs24.2. Enabling and Configuring Tracing24.2.1. Configuring Tracing from the Administrative Console24.2.2. Tracing via XML Configuration File24.2.3. Tracing the WebSphere Plug-in24.3. Understanding WebSphere Log and Trace Files24.3.1. Basic and Advanced Formats24.3.2. Interpreting Messages24.4. Using Log Analyzer24.4.1. Running Log Analyzer24.4.2. Analyzing Records against the Symptoms Database24.4.3. Merging Multiple Log and Trace Files24.5. First Failure Data Capture24.6. Summary
25. Problem Prevention and Determination Methodology
Objectives25.1. Problem Prevention Best Practices25.1.1. Testing Best Practices25.1.1.1. Properly Scaled TestsWhat Does It Mean to Have a Scale Model of Production in Test?Benefits of a Scale Model25.1.1.2. Isolated Test Environment25.1.1.3. Test ScenariosTest Types25.1.2. Change Control Best Practices25.1.2.1. Restricting Administrative Privileges25.1.2.2. Access History25.1.2.3. Backing Up Your Configuration25.1.2.4. Maintain a Log History25.1.2.5. Documented Procedures25.1.3. WebSphere Best Practices25.1.3.1. Application Best Practices25.1.3.2. Code Reviews25.1.4. WebSphere Fix Packs and Interim Fixes25.2. Problem Determination Methodology25.2.1. Locating the Error in a Complex Environment25.2.2. Could the Error Be Valid?25.2.3. What Has Changed?25.2.4. Simplify, Simplify, Simplify25.2.4.1. The Simplest Test Scenario25.2.4.2. The Simplest Application25.2.4.3. The Simplest Environment25.2.5. Do You Have Enough System Resources?25.2.6. What to Do If the Problem Is in Production25.2.7. Where to Go for Help25.3. Working with IBM WebSphere Support25.3.1. When to Involve WebSphere Support25.3.2. How to Open a PMR25.3.3. What Information to Have Ready25.3.4. What to Expect25.4. Summary
26. WebSphere Problem Determination and Troubleshooting for z/OS
Objectives26.1. Problem Determination on zSeries26.1.1. Loss of Control26.1.2. The Absolute Need for Cooperation26.1.3. An Efficient Configuration Cannot Compensate for Poorly Performing Applications26.1.4. Separation of Roles in J2EEA Simple Habit That Will Save Days of FrustrationThis section was devoted to a single tip26.2. Where to Look for Valuable Clues26.2.1. Places That Are Defaults from Customization26.2.2. WebSphere Address Space Output26.2.3. The WebSphere for z/OS Error Log26.2.4. The z/OS System Console or SDSF.LOG26.2.5. RACF26.2.6. Timeline of Events26.2.7. Places That Will Need to Be Configured26.2.7.1. JDBC Trace26.2.7.2. JVM Trace and JVM Garbage Collection Trace26.2.7.3. Tracing the WebSphere Run Time Written in Java26.2.7.4. Tracing the WebSphere Run Time Written in C++ and PLX26.3. Tracing and Logging Differences on zSeries26.3.1. Locating and Understanding WebSphere Logs26.3.1.1. JVM Logs26.3.1.2. Process Logs26.3.1.3. Startup Logs26.3.1.4. Installation Logs26.3.1.5. Base Customization Jobs26.3.1.6. Network Deployment Customization Jobs26.3.1.7. Integrated JMS Provider Customization Jobs26.3.1.8. Federation Customization Jobs26.3.1.9. Update Logs26.3.1.10. Plug-in Logs26.3.1.11. Web Server Logs26.3.1.12. Table of Environment Variables26.4. Summary
7. Appendices
A. Trade3 Application
A.1. About Trade3A.1.1. What is the Trade3 Application?A.1.2. Why the Trade3 Application?A.2. Trade3 Deployment GotchasA.3. Running Trade3A.4. Trade3 ConfigurationA.5. Running Trade3 for Performance AnalysisA.6. Downloading Trade3
B. WebSphere Tooling Reference
B.1. WebSphere Utilities (Distributed)B.1.1. Event Alerter for WebSphere Application ServerB.1.2. Log and Trace Analyzer for Autonomic ComputingB.1.3. MBeanInspector for WebSphere Application ServerB.1.4. HeapRootsB.1.5. HeapWizard Java Heap Analyzer for Diagnosing Memory LeaksB.1.6. HTTPsnifB.1.7. ThreadAnalyzer (Technology Preview)B.1.8. Level Reporting Tool for the WebSphere PlatformB.2. WebSphere Utilities (z/OS)B.2.1. SMF Browser for WebSphere Application Server for z/OS V5B.2.2. viascii
C. WebSphere Plug-in Definitions
C.1. The plugin-cfg.xml fileC.2. The plugin-cfg.xml elements and attributesC.2.1. Config (exactly 1)C.2.2. IgnoreDNSFailures (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.3. Refresh Interval (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.4. ASDisableNagle (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.5. IISDisableNagle (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.7. ResponseChunkSize (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.8. Log (0 or 1 for Each <Config>)C.2.9. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <Log>)C.2.10. LogLevel (0 or 1 for Each <Log>)C.2.11. ServerCluster (0 or More Elements for Each <Config>)C.2.12. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.13. LoadBalance (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.14. RetryInterval (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.15. RemoveSpecialHeaders (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.16. CloneSeparatorChange (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.17. PostSizeLimit (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.18. Server (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.19. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.20. CloneID (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.21. WaitForContinue (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.22. LoadBalanceWeight (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.23. ConnectTimeout (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.24. ExtendedHandshake (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.25. Transport (0 or 1 for Each <Server>)C.2.26. Hostname (Exactly 1 for Each <Transport>)MaxConnections (Exactly 1 for Each <Transport>)C.2.27. Port (Exactly 1 for Each <Transport>)C.2.28. Protocol (Exactly 1 for Each <Transport>)C.2.29. Property (0 to Many for Each <Transport>)C.2.30. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <Property>)C.2.31. Value (Exactly 1 for Each <Property>)C.2.32. ClusterAddress (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.33. PrimaryServers (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.34. BackupServers (0 or 1 for Each <ServerCluster>)C.2.35. VirtualHostGroup (0 or More for Each <Config>)C.2.36. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <VirtualHostGroup>)C.2.37. VirtualHost (1 or More for Each <VirtualHost>)C.2.38. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <VirtualHost>)C.2.39. UriGroup (0 or More for Each <Config>)C.2.40. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <UriGroup>)C.2.41. Uri (1 or More for Each <UriGroup>)C.2.42. Name (Exactly 1 for Each <Uri>)C.2.43. AffinityCookie (0 or 1 for Each <Uri>)C.2.44. Route (1 or More for Each <Config>)C.2.45. VirtualHostGroup (0 or 1 for Each <Route>)C.2.46. UriGroup (0 or 1 for Each <Route>)C.2.47. ServerCluster (Exactly 1 for Each <Route>)
D. WebSphere Message Component IDs
E. Custom Strategy Bindings File DTD
E.1. dfltbndngs.dtd
F. Common z/OS Terms
G. Comparison of Common Tasks on z/OS versus Distributed
G.1. How Actions and Terms on z/OS Compare to Other PlatformsG.1.1. Examples of Creating, Editing, Deleting, and Executing FilesG.1.1.1. WindowsG.1.1.2. UnixG.1.1.3. z/OSThe VolumeData Set OrganizationSDSF.STSDSF.DASDSF.LOG
H. z/Linux Considerations
H.1. Structure and Benefits of z/LinuxH.2. Best Practices with Configuration of z/Linux to Support WebSphere (Performance)H.2.1. GuestLan and HipersocketsH.2.2. Swap Devices and MemoryH.3. Scaling of z/Linux with Respect to WebSphere WorkloadsH.3.1. Shared MiniDisksH.3.2. Scaling
I. Automated WebSphere Administration Examples
I.1. WebSphereJmxExample.javaI.2. WebSphereAntExample.xmlI.3. CreateCluster.jaclI.4. CreateJDBCResources.pyI.5. CreateJMSResouces.jacl
Bibliography

Content preview from IBM WebSphere® Application Server for Distributed Platforms and z/OS®: An Administrator’s Guide

Chapter 5. WebSphere Installation—Distributed

Objectives

This chapter covers the following concepts:

The different factors that must be considered before installing WebSphere Application Server V5
The changes from either WebSphere V3.5 or WebSphere V4.0 to WebSphere V5
Installation of WebSphere using either the graphical installer or the nongraphical, silent installer
A complete installation of WebSphere on Linux using the graphical installer
How to install a WebSphere interim fix or fix pack

Overview

WebSphere Application Server V5 is a complex product. A little bit of planning before you install can save a lot of trouble later. This chapter outlines the planning and installation process to ensure that you create a solid foundation with an appropriately ...

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