IX

Indira Under Siege and JP Arrives on the Scene

Despite Mrs. Gandhi’s sweeping victory in the Parliamentary and Assembly elections in 1971–72, the Congress Government could not cope with the mounting economic crisis. Some blamed the Congress leadership for this failure and sought for an alternative party or leadership within the system …. Direct action for developing pressure and overthrowing the elected government was given credibility by several intellectuals, politicians and some cross-sections of society.

—Ghanshyam Shah, Direct Action in India: A Study of Gujarat and Bihar Agitations

The sequence of events in the political scene between March 1971 (when Indira’s Congress scored an emphatic victory in the national general election) ...

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