April 2016
Intermediate to advanced
382 pages
10h 29m
English
Content preview from Industrial Control Systems
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329Appendix: Mathematical andengineering formulae
a
4
07295 173666
=
.
a
5
01742 111988= .
a
6
00255 491796
=
.
a
7
00093 264267= .
Surface area of cylinder = 2πrh + 2πr
2
Volume of cylinder = πr
2
h
Surface area of a cone = πr
2
+ πrs
Volume of a cone =
p
r h
2
3
Volume of a pyramid =
Bh
3
(B = area of base)
Slopes
Equation of a straight line: y − y
1
= m(x − x
1
)
where slope =
rise
run
m =
= =
−
−
∆
∆
y
x
y y
x x
2 1
2 1
or
y mx b= +
where m = slope, b = y-intercept.
Trigonometric ratios
tan
sin
cos
q
q
q
=
sin cos
2 2
1
q q
+ =
1
2 2
+ =tan sec
q q
1
2 2
+ =cot csc
q q
cos sin cos
2 2
2q q q− =
sin 45
1
2
=
330 Appendix: Mathematical andengineering formulae
cos 45
1
2
=
tan 45 1
=
sin( ) sin cos cos
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