28 Existing Parallel and Distributed Systems, Challenges, and Solut ions
• Grid Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM) [206] for location, submis-
sion, canceling and monitoring jobs on the grid by communication with
various job schedulers.
• GridFTP [207] protocol for secure, reliable and high-performance data
movement in WANs.
• Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) [208] for authentication, authoriza-
tion and management of certificates. It uses X.509 certificates and allows
delegation through proxy certificates.
• Common Runtime.
The previous Globus Toolkit 4.x version implemented the Open Grid Ser-
vices Architecture (OGSA) and Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF)
[53, 197] and additionally provided a Monitoring and Discovery System
(MDS).
Other available