14.1. A Brief History of Intradomain Routing Protocols14.2. RIP14.2.1. RIP Version 214.3. RTMP, IPX-RIP, and DECnet14.4. IS-IS, OSPF, NLSP, and PNNI14.4.1. Hierarchy14.4.1.1. IS-IS Hierarchy14.4.1.2. NLSP Hierarchy14.4.1.3. OSPF Hierarchy14.4.1.4. PNNI Hierarchy14.4.2. Area Addresses14.4.2.1. IS-IS Area Addresses14.4.2.2. OSPF Area Addresses14.4.2.3. NLSP Area Addresses14.4.2.4. PNNI Peer Group Names14.4.3. LANs and Designated Routers14.4.3.1. IS-IS Designated Router Election14.4.3.2. OSPF Designated Router Election14.4.3.3. NLSP Designated Router Election14.4.3.4. PNNI Peer Group Leader Election14.4.4. Reliable Propagation of LSPs on LANs14.4.4.1. IS-IS and NLSP Link State Information Propagation14.4.4.2. OSPF Link State Information Propagation14.4.4.3. Comparison14.4.5. Parameter Synchronization14.4.5.1. IS-IS Parameter Synchronization14.4.5.2. OSPF Parameter Synchronization14.4.5.3. PNNI Parameter Synchronization14.4.6. Destinations per Packet14.4.7. LSP Database Overload14.4.7.1. IS-IS Database Overload14.4.7.2. OSPF Database Overload14.4.7.3. PNNI Database Overload14.4.8. Authentication14.4.9. IS-IS Details14.4.9.1. IS-IS for IP14.4.9.2. LAN Designated Router14.4.9.3. Big Packets14.4.9.4. Partitioned Areas14.4.9.5. Partitioned Level 2 Network14.4.9.6. Multiarea Bridged LANs14.4.9.7. Packets Used by IS-ISIS-to-IS HelloLSPSequence Numbers Packet14.4.10. OSPF14.4.10.1. General Packet-encoding Issues14.4.10.2. Terminology14.4.10.3. Area Partitions14.4.10.4. Level 2 Partitions14.4.10.5. Finding the Right Level 2 Router14.4.10.6. Neighbor Initialization14.4.10.7. Types of LSAs14.4.10.8. Packet EncodingHello PacketsDatabase Description PacketsLink State RequestLink State UpdateLink State AcknowledgmentLink State AdvertisementRouter Links AdvertisementNetwork Links AdvertisementSummary Link AdvertisementAS External Link Advertisement14.4.11. PNNI Details14.4.11.1. Path Setup14.4.11.2. Area Partitions14.5. Interdomain Routing Protocols14.5.1. Static Routing14.5.2. EGP14.5.2.1. Neighbor Acquisition14.5.2.2. Neighbor Reachability14.5.2.3. Routing Information14.5.3. BGP14.5.3.1. BGP Neighbors14.5.3.2. BGP Attributes14.5.3.3. BGP Policies14.5.3.4. Confederations14.5.3.5. Message Types14.5.3.6. Message FormatsOpen Message FormatUpdate Message FormatNotification Message FormatKeepalive Message FormatHomework