CHAPTER 4

RELATIONAL ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS

After reading this chapter, the reader will understand:

  • Different query languages used to extract data from the database
  • Difference between relational algebra and relational calculus
  • Various unary relational algebra operations like select, project, and rename
  • Various binary relational algebra operations like set operations, joins, and division operation
  • Various set operations like union, intersection, difference, and cartesian product operation
  • Different types of joins like equijoin, natural, and outer joins (left, right, and full outer join)
  • The aggregate functions that are used to perform queries, which are mathematical in nature
  • Two forms of relational calculus, namely, tuple relational calculus ...

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