Java Servlet Programming

Init and Destroy

Just like applets, servlets can define init() and destroy() methods. A servlet’s init(ServletConfig) method is called by the server immediately after the server constructs the servlet’s instance. Depending on the server and its configuration, this can be at any of these times:

• When the server starts

• When the servlet is first requested, just before the service() method is invoked

• At the request of the server administrator

In any case, init() is guaranteed to be called before the servlet handles its first request.

The init() method is typically used to perform servlet initialization—creating or loading objects that are used by the servlet in the handling of its requests. Why not use a constructor instead? Well, in JDK 1.0 (for which servlets were originally written), constructors for dynamically loaded Java classes (such as servlets) couldn’t accept arguments. So, in order to provide a new servlet any information about itself and its environment, a server had to call a servlet’s init() method and pass along an object that implements the ServletConfig interface. Also, Java doesn’t allow interfaces to declare constructors. This means that the javax.servlet.Servlet interface cannot declare a constructor that accepts a ServletConfig parameter. It has to declare another method, like init(). It’s still possible, of course, for you to define constructors for your servlets, but in the constructor you don’t have access to the ServletConfig object or the ability to throw ...