November 2019
Beginner to intermediate
406 pages
9h 21m
Chinese
Content preview from Java持续交付
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254
第 11 章
功能性测试：正确和接受度
测试对于确认软件对业务的价值、是否易于维护，以及功能的约束范围至关重要。在本
章中，你将了解什么是功能性测试，以及如何从业务和技术的角度来判断指定功能是否
可以达到交付的标准。
为什么要测试软件
为什么要测试软件？我们首先想到的答案是，确保软件能够提供需要的功能，但是完整
的答案更复杂。你显然需要确保软件能够实现预期的功能，即提供业务价值，但是你还
需要测试软件中是否存在错误，确保系统是可靠并且可扩展的，同时具有良好的性价比。
传统意义上，验证软件的质量分为测试功能性需求和测试非功能性需求，其中非功能性
需求也被称为
跨功能性属性
或者
系统质量属性
。在我们介绍
CD
管道中的功能性需求测
试之前，你首先需要了解测试的各种类型和观点。
测试什么？敏捷测试象限介绍
很重要的一点是，你必须清楚一个系统必须执行哪些类型的测试，还需要知道哪些可以
实现自动化。有关测试类型和目标的介绍，你可以参考
Lisa Crispin
和
Janet Gregory
编
写的
Agile Testing: A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile Teams
(Addison-Wesley)
一书。
这本书非常值得一读，但本章要介绍的概念是
Brian Marick
提出的敏捷测试象限。敏捷
测试象限如图
11-1
所示，是一个
2
×
2
的方框图，
x
轴代表测试的目的（从支持团队到
评价产品），而
y
轴代表测试的目标（从面向技术到面向业务）。图中的象限标记为
Q1
至
Q4
，与顺序无关，仅作为参考。 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.