The third element of lean management is the use of a team-based approach. The logic for utilizing teams can be summed up by Aristotle’s idea that “the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.”1 Namely, a team possessing the correct camaraderie and esprit de corps will facilitate objective attainment. As noted by Taiichi Ohno, “A championship team combines good teamwork with individual skill.”2 A team-based approach promotes system goals further than any group of individuals acting independently can. Baines and Langfield-Smith observe in their study of 151 organizations that a shift toward a strategy to differentiate the organization from competition typically results in an organization design that relies upon greater ...
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