Microfluidics and Nanotechnology

2 Active CMOS Biochip for Electrochemical DNA Assays

Peter M. Levine, Ping Gong, Rastislav Levicky and Kenneth L. Shepard

CONTENTS

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Electrochemical DNA Sensing

2.1.2 Active CMOS Biochip for Electrochemical DNA Sensing

2.1.3 Chapter Overview

2.1.4 Chapter Organization

2.2 Background and Review

2.2.1 Affinity-Based DNA Sensors

2.2.2 Performance Metrics

2.2.3 Fluorescence-Based DNA Microarrays

2.2.3.1 Commercially Available Microarray Systems

2.2.4 Electrochemical DNA Sensors

2.2.4.1 Sensing Methodology

2.2.4.2 Real-Time DNA Detection

2.2.5 Principles of Electrochemistry

2.2.5.1 Electrode–Electrolyte Interface

2.2.5.2 Electrochemical Reactions at Equilibrium

2.2.5.3 Potentiostat Operation

2.2.5.4 Electrode Materials

2.2.5.5 ...