Objective 1.1 Compare and contrast the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers and encapsulation conceptsOSI ModelLayer 1 – PhysicalLayer 2 – Data LinkLayer 3 – NetworkLayer 4 – TransportLayer 5 – SessionLayer 6 – PresentationLayer 7 – ApplicationData Encapsulation and Decapsulation Within the OSI Model ContextEthernet Header, Internet Protocol (IP) Header, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Headers, PayloadTCP FlagsMaximum Transmission Unit (MTU)REVIEW1.1 QUESTIONS1.1 ANSWERSObjective 1.2 Explain the characteristics of network topologies and network typesBusRingHybridStar/Hub-and-SpokeMeshNetwork Types and CharacteristicsClient-ServerPeer-to-PeerLocal Area Network (LAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)Personal Area Network (PAN)Campus Area Network (CAN)Storage Area Network (SAN)Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SDWAN)Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE)Service-Related Entry PointDemarcation PointSmartjackVirtual Network ConceptsHypervisorVirtual Network Interface Card (vNIC)vSwitchNetwork Function VirtualizationProvider LinksSatelliteDigital Subscriber Line (DSL)CableLeased LineMetro-OpticalREVIEW1.2 QUESTIONS1.2 ANSWERSObjective 1.3 Summarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is the appropriate type for a solutionCopperTwisted PairCoaxial/RG-6TwinaxialTermination StandardsFiberSingle-modeMultimodeConnector TypesLocal Connector (LC), Straight Tip (ST), Subscriber Connector (SC), Mechanical Transfer (MT), Registered Jack (RJ)RJ11, RJ45, F-type ConnectorTransceivers/Media ConvertersTransceiver typeCable ManagementPatch Panel/Patch BayFiber Distribution PanelPunchdown BlockEthernet StandardsCopperFiberREVIEW1.3 QUESTIONS1.3 ANSWERSObjective 1.4 Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP addressing schemesPublic vs. PrivateRFC 1918Network Address Translation (NAT)Port Address Translation (PAT)IPv4 vs. IPv6Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), Link-LocalExtended Unique Identifier (EUI-64)BroadcastMulticastUnicastAnycastLoopbackDefault GatewayIPv4 SubnettingClassfulClassless (Variable-Length Subnet Mask)Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) NotationIPv6 ConceptsTunnelingDual StackShorthand NotationRouter Advertisement, Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)Virtual IP (VIP)SubinterfacesREVIEW1.4 QUESTIONS1.4 ANSWERSObjective 1.5 Explain common ports and protocols, their application, and encrypted alternativesProtocols and PortsTypes of PortsPort StatesCommonly Used PortsIP Protocol TypesTCP and UDPInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)Connectionless vs. Connection-OrientedREVIEW1.5 QUESTIONS1.5 ANSWERS