3.1 VOLTAGE COMPARATOR FUNDAMENTALS3.2 ZERO-CROSSING DETECTOR3.3 ZERO-CROSSING DETECTOR WITH HYSTERESIS3.4 VOLTAGE COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS3.5 WINDOW VOLTAGE COMPARATOR3.6 VOLTAGE COMPARATOR WITH OUTPUT LIMITING3.7 TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS FOR VOLTAGE COMPARATORS3.8 NONIDEAL CONSIDERATIONSREVIEW QUESTIONS