
590 Optimal Estimation of Dynamic Systems
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
δ
x
1
δ
x
2
δ
x
3
Time (Sec)
State Perturbations (Deg)
Figure A.1: State Perturbation Trajectories
the longitudinal motion:
16
˙
α
=
˙
θ
−
α
2
˙
θ
−0.09
α
˙
θ
−0.88
α
+ 0.47
α
2
+ 3.85
α
3
−0.02
θ
2
¨
θ
= −0.396
˙
θ
−4.208
α
−0.47
α
2
−3.564
α
3
where
α
is the angle of attack and
θ
is the pitch angle (see §A.10). The state vector
is chosen as x =
αθ
˙
θ
T
. Therefore, the linearized state matrix is
F =
⎡
⎣
f
11
f
12
f
13
001
f
31
0 f
33
⎤
⎦
where
f
11
= −2x
1
x
3
−0.09x
3
−0.88+ 0.94x
1
+ 11.55x
2
1
f
12
= −0.04x
2
f
13
= 1 −x
2
1
−0.09x
1
f
31
= −4.208 −0.94x
1
−10.692x
2
1
f
33
= −0.396
For the actual system the initial angle of attack is 25 degrees and the pitch and ...