June 2002
Beginner
759 pages
80h 42m
English
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URL Encoding
Before data supplied on a form can be sent to a CGI
program, each form element’s name (specified by the name attribute) is equated with the value
entered by the user to create a key/value pair. For example, if the
user entered “30” when asked for his or her age, the key/value pair
would be “age=30”. In the transferred data, key/value pairs are
separated by the ampersand (&) character .
Since under the GET method the form information is sent as part of the URL, form information can’t include any spaces or other special characters that are not allowed in URLs, and also can’t include characters that have other meanings in URLs, like slashes (/). (For the sake of consistency, this constraint also exists when the POST method is being used.) Therefore, the web browser performs some special encoding on user-supplied information.
Encoding involves replacing spaces and other special characters in the query strings with their hexadecimal equivalents. (Thus, URL encoding is also sometimes called hexadecimal encoding.) Suppose a user fills out and submits a form containing his or her birthday in the syntax mm/dd/yy (e.g., 11/05/73). The forward slashes in the birthday are among the special characters that can’t appear in the client’s request for the CGI program. Thus, when the browser issues the request, it encodes the data. The following sample request shows the resulting encoding:
POST /cgi-bin/birthday.pl HTTP/1.0 Content-length: 21 birthday=11%2F05%2F73
The sequence %2F is ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.