December 2016
Beginner
388 pages
8h 35m
English
Content preview from Principles of Data ScienceBecome an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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Conditional probability
Let's pick an arbitrary person from this study of 100 people. Let's also assume that you are told that their test result was positive. What is the probability of them actually having cancer? So, we are told that event B has already taken place, and that their test came back positive. The question now is: what is the probability that they have cancer, that is P(A)? This is called a conditional probability of A given B or P(A|B). Effectively, it is asking you to calculate the probability of an event given that another event has already happened.
You can think of conditional probability as changing the relevant universe. P(A|B) (called the probability of A given B) is a way of saying, given that my entire universe is now
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