September 2024
Intermediate to advanced
582 pages
13h 43m
Spanish
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Capítulo 11. Series temporales
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Los datos de series temporales son una forma importante de datos estructurados en muchos campos diferentes,como las finanzas, la economía, la ecología, la neurociencia y la física. Cualquier cosa que se registre repetidamente en muchos puntos en el tiempo forma una serie temporal. Muchas series temporales son de frecuencia fija, es decir, quelos puntos de datos se producen a intervalos regulares según alguna regla, como cada 15 segundos, cada 5 minutos o una vez al mes. Las series temporales también pueden serirregulares, sin unidad de tiempo fija ni desfase entre unidades. La forma de marcar y referirse a los datos de las series temporales depende de la aplicación, y puede ser una de las siguientes:
- Marcas de tiempo
Instantes concretos en el tiempo.
- Periodos fijos
Por ejemplo, todo el mes de enero de 2017, o todo el año 2020.
- Intervalos de tiempo
Indicados por una marca de tiempo de inicio y fin. Los periodos pueden considerarse casos especiales de los intervalos.
- Experimento o tiempo transcurrido
Cada marca de tiempo es una medida de tiempo relativa a un momento de inicio concreto (por ejemplo, el diámetro de una galleta que se cuece cada segundo desde que se introduce en el horno), empezando por 0.
En este capítulo, me ocupo principalmente de las series temporales de las tres primeras categorías, aunque muchas de las técnicas pueden aplicarse ...
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