book

Safety Design for Space Operations

by Firooz Allahdadi, Isabelle Rongier, Paul Wilde, Tommaso Sgobba

March 2013

Intermediate to advanced

1072 pages

31h 40m

English

Butterworth-Heinemann

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Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Dedication
Copyright
Preface
About the Editors and Contributors
Firooz A. ALLAHDADI, Ph.DIsabelle RONGIERPaul D. WILDE, Ph.D., P.ETommaso SGOBBAWilliam AILOR, Ph.DFernand ALBYJohn B. BACON, Ph.DSayavur I. BAKHTIYAROV, Ph.DChristophe BONNALCurt D. BOTTSBernard BRANDTKenneth BUTTONEstelle CHAMPESTINGJon CHROSTOWSKINathalie COSTEDOATRobert DEMPSEY, Ph.DJohn DOLLBERGMelissa EMERYWigbert FEHSE, Ph.DDavid FINKLEMAN, Ph.DJean-François GOESTERCharles GRAYJerry HABERAndrew HERDLark HOWORTHNicholas JOHNSONMichael T. KEZIRIAN, Ph.DPaul KIRKPATRICKSteven L. KOONTZ, Ph.DGeorg KOPPENWALLNER, Ph.D. (1935–2012)Leonard KRAMER, Ph.DUdaya KUMAR, Ph.DErik LARSON Ph.DWim van LEEUWENCarine LEVEAUEugene LEVIN, Ph.DMichael G. LUTOMSKIKelli MALONEYRonald R. MIKATARIAND. F. Kip MIKULAErwin MOOIJ, Ph.DRandy NYMANRon NOOMENGary F. POLANSKI, Ph.DSandrine RICHARDKarl U. SCHREIBER, Ph.DJoseph A. SHOLTISCarlos E. SOARESRichard G. STERNMarc TOUSSAINTJean-Pierre TRINCHEROJérôme VILAGregory D. WYSS, Ph.D
Chapter 1. Introduction to Space Operations Safety
1.1 General1.2 Safety Risk Management1.3 Launch Site Safety1.4 Launch Safety1.5 Nuclear-Powered Payloads Safety1.6 Orbital Safety1.7 Re-Entry Safety1.8 Aircraft Protection
Chapter 2. Spaceport Design for Safety
2.1 Introduction2.2 Choice of Launch Site2.3 Master Plan of a Spaceport2.4 Ground Risk Control2.5 Flight Risk Control2.6 Safety Design for a Spaceport2.7 Major Impacts of Safety Requirements on Spaceport Design2.8 Specificity of Launch Pad Escape System Design for Human Spaceflight2.9 Environment Protection2.10 General ConclusionFurther Reading
Chapter 3. Ground Safety: Special Topics
3.1 Safety During Payload Ground Processing3.2 Gases Storage and Handling Safety

Chapter 4. Safety in Launch Operations
4.1 Launch Operations Safety4.2 Re-Entry of the Main Cryotechnic Stage of Ariane 5: Challenges, Modeling and ObservationsFurther Reading
Chapter 5. Other Launch Safety Hazards
5.1 Toxic Hazards5.2 Distant Focusing Overpressure Risk Analysis5.3 Other Launches and Platforms
Chapter 6. Nuclear-Powered Payload Safety
6.1 Introduction to Space Nuclear Systems6.2 SNPS Launch History and Accidents6.3 Launch Abort Environments Affecting SNPSs6.4 Containment Design6.5 Risk Assessment for Nuclear Missions6.6 International Protocols and U.S. Environmental Review6.7 Nuclear Mission Launch Approval6.8 Nuclear Mission Launch Integration6.9 Symbols and AcronymsReferences
Chapter 7. On-Orbit Mission Control
7.1 Mission Control Center Design and Operations7.2 Hazardous Commands Identification and Control7.3 Flight Rules: Purpose and Use
Chapter 8. Orbital Operations Safety
8.1 Space Situational Awareness Systems and Space Traffic Control8.2 Orbit Design for Safety8.3 Conjunction Analysis8.4 Collision Avoidance Maneuvers for the International Space Station (ISS)8.5 Safe On-Orbit Manoeuvres Design
8.5.2 Risk Management of Jettisoned Objects in LEO
8.6 Spacecraft Charging Hazards
8.7 Spacecraft Contamination Hazard
8.8 End-of-Life Debris Mitigation Measures8.9 Space Debris Removal
Chapter 9. Re-Entry Operations Safety
9.1 Introduction to Re-Entry Operations Safety Design9.2 Re-Entry Trajectory Analyses9.3 Re-Entry Breakup and Survivability Analyses9.4 Evidence of Re-Entry Breakup and Survivability
9.5 Re-Entry Risk and Hazard Analyses
9.6 Design for Re-Entry Demise
Chapter 10. Air-Space Traffic Interface Management
10.1 Computing Risk to Aircraft10.2 Aircraft Vulnerability10.3 Typical Aircraft Risk Mitigation Approach10.4 Alternative Approaches10.5 Real-Time Management10.6 SummaryReferences
Chapter 11. Safety of Ground-based Space Laser Application
11.1 Introduction11.2 History of Satellite Laser Ranging11.3 Concept of SLR Technology11.4 International Laser Ranging Service and Mission Safety11.5 In-Sky Laser Safety11.6 Laser Safety in Space11.7 SummaryReferences
Chapter 12. The Use of Quantitative Risk Assessment in the Operations Phase of Space Missions
12.1 Introduction12.2 Communicating Risk to the Customer12.3 Examples of PRA Applied to an Operational Program12.4 ConclusionReferences
Appendix A. Meteorology and Range Safety
Appendix B. Human and Structural Vulnerability
Human VulnerabilityStructure Vulnerability
Appendix C. Launch Chronology and Launch Failures
IntroductionReference Documents and SourcesDatabase Description and SummaryOrbital Launch Attempts by DateOrbital Launch Attempts by Launch Vehicle Family TypeOrbital Launch Attempts by Country/Launch Provider and by Launch SiteDerived Orbital Launch Attempt Failure Rate DataConclusion
Appendix D. Lightning Protection Systems
Introduction to LightningCharge Structure of a ThundercloudTypes of Lightning DischargeVehicle Triggered LightningElectrical Discharges above ThundercloudOccurrence ProbabilityEvents in a Cloud-to-Ground LightningParameters InvolvedGeneral ThreatsLightning Protection System – Components of External Protection SystemLightning Protection System – Internal ProtectionLightning Launch Commit CriteriaProtection of Other Important StructuresAdditional IssuesFurther Reading
Appendix E. The Role of Economics in Spaceport Safety
IntroductionThe Economics of SpaceportsIssues of SafetyReactions to Safety ConcernsDemand-Side Design ConsiderationsPublic Interest and SafetyThe Institutional ContextSome Other ConsiderationsConclusions
Appendix F. Re-Entry Risk Formulas
Index

Content preview from Safety Design for Space Operations

Chapter 12

The Use of Quantitative Risk Assessment in the Operations Phase of Space Missions

Michael G. Lutomski

Chapter Outline

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Communicating Risk to the Customer

12.3 Examples of PRA Applied to an Operational Program

12.3 Conclusion

12.1 Introduction

This chapter is intended to provide an understanding of quantitative risk assessment as it is applied in the operational phase of complex aerospace missions. Like most engineering analyses, specialized skills are a prerequisite for quantitative risk assessments. Data collection, deriving reliability data, model construction, determining the scope of events to include and exclude, and the generation and interpretation of results are often multifaceted and intricately detailed ...

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Safety Design for Space Operations

by Firooz Allahdadi, Isabelle Rongier, Paul Wilde, Tommaso Sgobba

12.1 Introduction

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