November 2000
Intermediate to advanced
608 pages
16h 12m
English
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4.1 CAPACITIVE SENSORS
4.1.1 Variable Capacitor
A capacitor consists of two electric conductors separated by a dielectric (solid, liquid, or gas) or a vacuum. The relationship between the charge Q and the difference in voltage V between them is described by means of its capacitance, C = Q/V. This capacitance depends on the geometrical arrangement of the conductors and on the dielectric material between them, C = C(
,G).
For example, for a capacitor formed by n equal parallel plane plates having an area A, with a distance d between each pair, and an interposed material with a relative dielectric constant r, the capacitance is
where 0 = 8.85 pF/m is the dielectric constant for vacuum. Therefore, any measurand producing a variation in r, A, or d will result in a change in the capacitance C and can be in principle sensed by that device. Baxter [1] gives the expressions for the capacitance of several electrode arrangements useful for sensor design. The condenser microphone described by E. ...
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