Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

5Power Management System (PMS) in Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

5.1 Introduction

One critical aspect of hybrid AC/DC microgrid operation is the power management system (PMS), which is essential for proper operation in grid‐connected and islanding modes. In microgrids, the terms “energy management” and “power management” are different considering control tasks and time scale. The global objective of long‐term energy management algorithms is to match the total power production to the demand in an optimal way. These algorithms deal with the monitoring and operation of a complex electrical, thermal, and mechanical system, emphasizing desired and longer‐term outcomes. Factors like fuel costs, capital costs, maintenance costs, mission profiles, and lifetimes are considered in energy management algorithms. In general, the energy management strategies include hourly prediction of renewable energy sources, management of controllable loads, providing an appropriate level of power reserve capacity, etc. The energy management systems (EMSs) in smart hybrid AC/DC microgrids are discussed in Chapter 6.

On the other hand, the short‐term PMS's objective is to control the instantaneous operational conditions toward specific desired parameters such as voltage, current, power, and frequency. The power management strategies include voltage and frequency regulations and real‐time power dispatching among the different power sources of the microgrids. It should be highlighted that the power and energy ...