Software Engineering

Contents

Preface

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Software?

1.1.1 Systems Software

1.1.2 Applications Software

1.2 Characteristics of Software

1.3 Evolution of Software for Business

1.4 Generations of Computers

1.4.1 Generation of Computer Hardware

1.4.2 Generations of Software

1.5 Programming Languages

1.5.1 Low-level Languages

1.5.2 High-level Languages

1.5.3 Fourth-generation Languages

1.6 Paradigm Shift in Programming Techniques

1.6.1 Early Computer Programming

1.6.2 Control Flow-based Design

1.6.3 Structured Programming

1.6.4 Data Structure-oriented Design

1.6.5 Data Flow-oriented Design

1.6.6 Object-oriented Design (1980s)

1.7 Software Crisis and Emergence of Software Engineering

1.7.1 The Software Crisis

1.7.2 Demands of Today's Business