July 2025
Beginner
464 pages
9h 31m
English
Content preview from Statistical Analysis with R For Dummies, 2nd Edition
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Chapter 6
Meeting Standards and Standings
IN THIS CHAPTER
Standardizing scores
Making comparisons
Working with ranks in files
Rolling in the percentiles
In my left hand, I hold 100 Philippine pesos. In my right, I hold 1,000 Colombian pesos. Which is worth more? Both are called pesos, right? So shouldn’t the 1,000 be greater than the 100? Not necessarily. Peso is just a coincidence of names. Each one comes out of a different country, and each country has its own economy.
To compare the two amounts of money, you have to convert each currency into a standard unit. The most intuitive standard for U.S. citizens is our own currency. How much is each amount worth in dollars and cents? As I write this chapter, 100 Philippine pesos are worth almost $2. One thousand Colombian pesos are worth 23 cents.
So when you compare numbers, context is important. To make valid comparisons across contexts, you often have to convert numbers into standard units. In this chapter, I show you how to use statistics to do just that. Standard units show you where a score stands in relation to other scores within ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.