July 2025
Beginner
464 pages
9h 31m
English
Content preview from Statistical Analysis with R For Dummies, 2nd Edition
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Chapter 11
Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing
IN THIS CHAPTER
Testing differences between means of two samples
Testing means of paired samples
Testing hypotheses about variances
Understanding F-distributions
In a variety of fields, the need often arises to compare one sample with another. Sometimes the samples are independent, and sometimes they’re matched in some way. Each sample comes from a separate population. The objective is to decide whether these populations are different from one another.
Usually, this involves tests of hypotheses about population means. You can also test hypotheses about population variances. In this chapter, I show you how to carry out these tests as well as how to use R to get the job done.
Hypotheses Built for Two
As in the one-sample case (see Chapter 10), hypothesis testing with two samples starts with a null hypothesis (H0) and an alternative hypothesis (H1). The null hypothesis specifies that any differences you see between the two samples are due strictly to chance. The alternative hypothesis says, in effect, that any differences you see are real ...
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