Appendix A Mathematics

A.1 Hyperbolic Functions

Given here is a list of definitions of hyperbolic functions.

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Figure A.1 shows the first three functions graphically.

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Figure A.1 Hyperbolic functions, y = sinh x, y = cosh x, and y = tanh x.

sinh x and tanh x are odd functions of x, whereas cosh x is an even function.

The hyperbolic functions satisfy relationships similar to those of trigonometric functions. Some of the relationships are listed here.

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Double argument formulas are also similar to those in trigonometry.

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Inverse functions are different from ...

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