The State of the Art in Intrusion Prevention and Detection

459Blending Security Features in Energy-Efficient Routing

The observations from the above equation are the following:

• Wasteful (due to idle listening, overhearing, etc.) energy consumption increases as the

number of redundant forwarder increases.

• Wasteful energy consumption increases as the number of idle nodes increases.

• Energy consumption increases exponentially as the distance between nodes increases.

• Frequency of control packet transmission is proportional to the energy consumption.

To reduce energy consumption, the following things could be done:

• Reducing the number of forwarding nodes (not hampering the level of connectivity and the

reliability of the network)

• Putting a certain portion of the nodes in sleep mode to reduce idle ...