Summary
It is now not uncommon to see 32- and 64-node SMP systems with many gigabytes of memory. The fact that one single kernel has the ability to scale to that number of CPUs shows how multiprocessor technology has evolved since the early implementations in the 1980s.
For further information on multiprocessor UNIX systems, Curt Schimmel's book UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures [SCHI94] is a must read for anyone interested in UNIX multiprocessing and associated hardware. Solaris Internals—Core Kernel Architecture by Jim Mauro and Richard McDougall [MAUR01] contains detailed information about SMP locks, including the implementation of locking primitives on Solaris. Uresh Vahalia's book UNIX Internals—The New Frontiers [VAHA96] shows various case studies of different multiprocessor implementations, as well as describing some of the classic multiprocessor issues.