book

Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices, 2nd Edition

Name: Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices, 2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780470518601

by Leon Shklar, Rich Rosen

May 2009

Intermediate to advanced

440 pages

13h 23m

English

Wiley

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Copyright
About the Authors
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
1.1. History and Pre-History of the Web1.2. From Web Pages to Web Sites1.3. From Web Sites to Web Applications1.4. Web 2.0: On-Line Communities and Collaboration1.5. The Brave New World of AJAX1.6. Focus of This Book1.7. What Is Covered in This Book
1.8. Bibliography
2. Core Internet Protocols
2.1. Historical Perspective2.2. TCP/IP Architecture2.2.1. Protocol layers2.2.2. Comparison with OSI model2.2.3. The client-server paradigm2.2.3.1. Command line vs GUI2.2.3.2. Client-server communications2.3. TCP/IP Application Services2.3.1. Telnet2.3.2. E-mail2.3.2.1. SMTP2.3.2.2. POP2.3.2.3. IMAP2.3.2.4. Web-based e-mail services2.3.3. Message forums2.3.4. Chat and Messaging Protocols2.3.5. Security and encryption2.3.6. File server protocols2.4. And Then Came the Web ...
2.5. Bibliography
3. Birth of the Web: HTTP
3.1. Historical Perspective3.1.1. CERN: birthplace of the Web3.1.2. Building blocks of the web3.2. Uniform Resource Locator3.3. Fundamentals of HTTP3.3.1. Request-response paradigm3.3.2. Stateless protocol3.3.3. Structure of HTTP messages3.3.4. Request methods3.3.4.1. GET method3.3.4.2. POST method3.3.4.3. HEAD method3.3.5. Status codes3.3.5.1. Informational status codes (1xx)3.3.5.2. Successful response status codes (2xx)3.3.5.3. Redirection status codes (3xx)3.3.5.4. Client request error status codes (4xx)3.3.5.5. Server error status codes (5xx)3.4. Better Information Through Headers3.4.1. Support for content types3.4.2. Caching control3.4.3. Security3.4.3.1. HTTP authentication3.4.4. Session support3.5. Evolution of the HTTP Protocol3.5.1. Virtual hosting3.5.2. Caching support3.5.3. Persistent connections3.6. Summary
3.7. Bibliography

4. HTML and Its Roots
4.1. Standard Generalized Markup Language4.1.1. SGML Declaration4.1.1.1. Document Character Set4.1.1.2. Concrete Syntax4.1.1.3. Feature Usage4.1.2. Document Type Definition4.1.2.1. Entity Definitions4.1.2.2. Element Definitions4.1.2.3. Attribute Definitions4.2. HTML4.2.1. Evolution of HTML4.2.2. Structure and Syntax4.2.2.1. HTML Header4.2.2.2. HTML Body4.2.2.3. Content Accessibility4.2.2.4. HTTP requests4.3. HTML Rendering4.3.1. Cascading Style Sheets4.3.2. Associating styles with HTML documents4.3.2.1. Linked Style Sheet4.3.2.2. Embedded Style sheet4.3.2.3. Inline style4.4. Summary
4.5. Bibliography
5. XML Languages and Applications
5.1. Core XML5.1.1. XML documents5.1.2. XML DTD5.1.3. XML Schema5.2. XHTML5.2.1. HTML 55.2.2. XHTML MP5.3. Web Services5.3.1. SOAP5.3.1.1. Web Services Definition Language (WSDL)5.3.1.2. Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)5.3.2. Representational State Transfer (REST)5.4. XSL5.4.1. XSLT5.4.2. XSL Formatting Objects5.4.3. What is so important about XSL?5.5. Summary5.6. Bibliography5.7. Web Links5.8. Endnotes
6. Web Servers
6.1. Basic Operation6.1.1. HTTP request processing6.1.2. Delivery of static content6.1.2.1. Static content pages6.1.2.2. As-is pages6.1.3. Delivery of dynamic content6.1.3.1. CGI6.1.3.2. SSI6.2. Mechanisms for Dynamic Content Delivery6.2.1. Beyond CGI and SSI6.2.2. Native APIs (ISAPI and Apache Server API)6.2.3. FastCGI6.2.4. Template processing6.2.5. Servlets6.2.6. Java Server Pages6.2.7. Future directions6.3. Advanced Functionality6.3.1. Virtual hosting6.3.2. Chunked transfers6.3.3. Caching support6.3.4. Extensibility6.4. Server Configuration6.4.1. Directory structure6.4.2. Execution6.4.3. Address resolution6.4.4. MIME support6.4.5. Server extensions6.5. Server Security6.5.1. Securing the installation6.5.2. Dangerous Practices6.5.3. Secure HTTP6.5.4. Firewall configurations6.5.5. HTTP proxies6.6. Summary
6.7. Bibliography
7. Web Browsers
7.1. Overview of Browser Functionality7.2. Architectural Considerations7.3. Overview of Processing Flow in a Browser7.3.1. Transmitting a request7.3.2. Receiving a response7.4. Processing HTTP Requests7.4.1. Constructing the request line7.4.2. Constructing the headers7.4.3. Constructing the request body7.4.4. Transmitting the request7.5. Processing HTTP Responses7.5.1. Processing successful responses7.5.2. Processing responses with other status codes7.6. Cookie Coordination7.7. Privacy and P3P7.8. Complex HTTP Interactions7.8.1. Caching7.8.2. Authorization: challenge and response7.8.3. Using common mechanisms for data persistence7.8.4. Requesting supporting data items7.8.5. Multimedia support: helpers and plug-ins7.9. Summary7.10. Bibliography7.11. Web Links7.12. Endnotes
8. Active Browser Pages: From JavaScript to AJAX
8.1. Pre-History8.2. JavaScript8.2.1. Manipulating page content8.2.2. Client-side form validation8.2.3. Hovering behaviors: image rollover8.2.4. JavaScript Object Notation8.2.5. Summary8.3. Cascading Style Sheets8.3.1. Format of CSS rules8.3.2. Hovering behaviors: the a:hover pseudo-class8.3.3. Summary8.4. DHTML8.4.1. Inner workings8.4.2. Controlling content visibility8.4.3. Leveraging toolkits8.4.4. Client-side validation using toolkits8.4.5. Hovering behaviors using toolkits8.4.6. Widgets8.4.6.1. Google AdSense8.4.6.2. Amazon Associates8.4.6.3. Snap Shots8.4.7. Summary8.5. AJAX8.5.1. Content injection: manual approach8.5.2. Content injection: using toolkits8.5.3. Auto-completion8.5.4. Remote validation8.5.5. Where does DHTML end and AJAX begin?8.5.6. Summary8.6. Case Study: 5-Star Rating8.6.1. Designing a star-rating component8.6.2. When you click upon a star: what happens on the server?8.7. Summary8.8. Bibliography8.9. Web Links8.10. Endnotes
9. Approaches to Web Application Development
9.1. Taxonomy of Web Application Approaches and Frameworks9.1.1. Programmatic Approaches9.1.2. Template approaches9.1.3. Hybrid Approaches9.1.4. Frameworks9.1.4.1. Application flexibility9.1.4.2. Division of Responsibility for Processing Modules9.2. Comparative Survey of Web Application Approaches and Frameworks9.2.1. CGI and FastCGI9.2.2. Server-Side Includes (SSI)9.2.3. PHP9.2.4. Java Servlet API9.2.5. Cold Fusion9.2.6. Velocity9.2.7. Active Server Pages and .NET9.2.8. Java Server Pages9.2.9. JSP Model 29.2.10. Java Standard Tag Library9.2.11. Struts9.2.12. Java Server Faces9.2.13. JBoss Seam9.2.14. Rapid Application Development: Ruby on Rails9.3. Summary
9.4. Bibliography
10. Web Application Primer 1: Struts and JSTL
10.1. Case Study: Virtual Realty Listing Services10.2. Application Requirements10.3. Technology Choices10.4. Overview of Struts10.5. Structure of the VRLS Application10.5.1. Configuration10.5.2. Controller components10.5.3. View components10.5.4. Model components10.5.4.1. Database schema10.6. Design Decisions10.6.1. Abstracting functionality into service classes10.6.1.1. Benefits10.6.1.2. Alternatives or improvements10.6.2. Including embedded pages to support co-branding10.6.2.1. Benefits10.6.2.2. Alternatives or improvements10.6.3. Creating and modifying customer profiles in one task10.7. Suggested Enhancements10.7.1. Adding an administrative interface10.7.2. Enhancing the signup process through e-mail authentication10.7.3. Improving partner recognition through a persistent cookie10.7.4. Adding caching functionality to the DomainService Class10.7.5. Paging through cached search results10.7.6. Using XML and XSLT for view presentation10.7.7. Tracking user behavior10.7.8. Using an object-relational mapping tool10.7.9. Adding DHTML and AJAX for an enhanced user experience10.8. Summary
10.9. Bibliography
11. Web Application Primer 2: Ruby on Rails
11.1. Comparing Rails with Java EE11.1.1. Similarities11.1.2. Differences11.2. Application Requirements11.3. Building the Administrative Interface as a Rails Application11.3.1. Downloading and installing Ruby and rails11.3.2. Building an application skeleton11.3.3. Creating a new project and configuring the database11.3.4. Scaffolding for the model, view, and controller classes11.3.5. Enhancing the application11.3.5.1. Completing the data model11.3.5.2. Customizing views and using lookup tables11.3.5.3. Form validation11.3.5.4. Pagination11.3.5.5. Reusable layout components11.3.5.6. Authentication and authorization11.3.5.7. Replacing the Rails home page11.3.5.8. Summary11.4. Benefits and Drawbacks of Using Rails11.4.1. How rapid is rapid application development?11.4.2. Database support11.4.3. Limitations of scaffolding11.4.4. Scalability11.4.5. Performance and clustering11.4.6. Version 2.0 issues11.4.7. Is Rails web-designer-friendly?11.5. Whither Enterprise Java?11.6. Summary11.7. Bibliography11.8. Web Links11.9. Endnotes
12. Search Technologies
12.1. Overview of Algorithms12.1.1. Historical perspective12.1.2. Basic vector-space algorithm12.1.2.1. Example12.1.2.2. Enhancement 1: weighting for multiple occurrences12.1.2.3. Enhancement 2: weighting for phrases12.1.3. Common enhancements12.1.4. Word clustering12.1.5. Custom biases12.2. Searching the Web12.2.1. Google page ranking12.2.2. Web spiders12.2.3. Summary12.3. Site Search Applications12.3.1. General architecture12.3.2. Lucene12.3.3. OneBox applications12.4. Search Engine Optimization12.4.1. Robots.txt12.4.2. Sitemaps12.4.3. Sitemap extensions12.4.4. Site and URL structure12.4.5. Black Hat SEO12.5. Summary12.6. Bibliography12.7. Web Links12.8. Endnotes
13. Trends and Directions
13.1. XML Query Language13.2. Semantic Web13.2.1. Resource Description Framework (RDF)13.2.1.1. Dublin Core13.2.1.2. RDF Schema13.2.2. Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles13.2.3. RDF query language13.3. Future of Web Application Frameworks13.3.1. One more time: separate content from presentation13.3.2. Use the right tools for the job13.3.3. Simplicity13.4. Current Trends13.4.1. Everything old is new again13.4.2. Social networking and community web sites13.4.3. Cloud computing and "Weblications"13.5. Summary13.6. Bibliography13.7. Web Links13.8. Endnotes
14. Conclusions

Content preview from Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices, 2nd Edition

Chapter 13. Trends and Directions

IN THIS CHAPTER

XML query language
RDF and the Semantic Web
Future of web application frameworks
Current trends

OBJECTIVES

Examine new and emerging technologies.
Review XML Query.
Introduce the Semantic Web and provide an overview of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and RDF applications.
Speculate about the future of web application frameworks.
Discuss current trends in web technology.

Rapid expansion of Internet technologies has come at the cost of technological incompatibilities and inconsistencies, which have put much strain on the web application development process. Today, after more than 15 years of exponential growth, Internet technologies are finally becoming stable and robust. We are seeing encouraging examples of technology convergence. XHTML has supplanted HTML, WML is being phased out and replaced with XHTML MP (see Section 5.2.2), and the relationship between XSL, XSLT, XSLFO, and other style sheet specifications has been clarified (see Section 5). The most recent specifications from the World Wide Web Consortium and other standards-setting bodies, including the Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I)^[16] and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS),^[17] concentrate on achieving improvements to accepted and emerging technologies, as well as convergence between them, as opposed to dramatic new directions.

The first part of this chapter is devoted to the leading specification for querying ...

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Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices, 2nd Edition

by Leon Shklar, Rich Rosen

Chapter 13. Trends and Directions

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