3.1 WLAN Basic Principles3.1.1 Advantages of Wireless Networks3.1.1.1 Mobility and Portability3.1.1.2 Security3.1.2 General Features of Wireless Networks3.1.2.1 Radio Frequencies Available3.1.3 Standards [5,6,7,8]3.1.3.1 ISO and 802.113.1.3.2 PHY3.1.3.3 Connection Control3.1.3.4 MAC [10]3.1.3.5 WLAN as Part of LAN3.1.4 Connecting to Computers3.1.4.1 802.11 and ISM3.1.5 Antennas3.1.5.1 Antenna Types and Antenna Gain3.2 IEEE 802.11 Overview3.2.1 The Standard 802.11 and its Extensions3.2.1.1 802.113.2.1.1 802.11a3.2.1.2 802.11b3.2.1.4 802.11d3.2.1.5 802.11g3.2.1.6 802.11h3.2.1.7 802.11i3.2.1.8 802.11-20073.2.1.9 802.11n3.2.1.10 802.11p3.2.1.11 802.11-123.2.1.12 802.11ac3.2.1.13 802.11ad3.2.1.14 802.11ah3.2.1.15 Non Standard Versions3.2.1.16 Alternative Standards3.3 Wireless Fidelity3.3.1 Wi-Fi Protected Access3.4 WMAN3.5 Key Terminology3.5.1 WLAN Components3.5.1.1 Access Points3.5.2 Bandwidth3.5.3 Range3.5.4 Channels3.5.5 Channel Separation3.6 Architecture and Components3.6.1 Data Transmission and Synchronization3.6.1.1 Networks and Routers3.6.1.2 Packet Switching3.6.2 Network Topologies3.6.3 Special Aspects3.6.3.1 Modulation and Demodulation3.6.4 WLAN Architectures3.6.4.1 Cells and Stations3.6.4.2 Ad hoc Networks3.6.4.3 Infrastructure Networks3.6.4.4 Mobil Internet Access3.6.4.5 Hotspots3.6.4.6 Open Networks3.6.4.7 Roaming3.6.5 WLAN Components3.6.5.1 Adapters3.6.5.2 Access Points3.6.6 Configuring a WLAN3.6.6.1 Drivers3.6.6.2 Hardware and Configuration3.7 Security Requirements3.7.1 Assuring Availability3.7.2 Assuring Data Integrity3.7.3 Assuring Authenticity3.7.4 Assuring Confidentiality3.7.5 Security Risks3.7.5.1 Spying3.7.5.2 Decoding3.7.6 The Physical Layer3.7.6.1 Spread Spectrum3.7.7 Medium Access Layer3.7.7.1 Frames and Fragmentation3.7.7.2 Avoidance of Collisions3.7.7.3 MAC Addresses3.7.7.4 SSID Network Name3.7.7.5 Authentication Procedures3.7.7.6 Better WEP than No Protection at All3.7.7.7 WPA and WPA23.7.7.8 802.1x [61]3.8 Recent Developments3.8.1 White Spaces3.8.2 Mobile Hotspots3.9 Applications3.9.1 A Small Home WLAN3.9.2 Hot Spot Services3.9.3 WLAN Solutions for a Hospital3.10 Checklist