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MuLtIcAst routIng
ProtocoLs
4.1 Introduction
Wireless communication technology has been developed with two
primary models. One is the fixed infrastructure-based model in
which many of the nodes are mobile and connected through fixed
backbone nodes using a wireless medium. Another model is the
mobile ad hoc network (MANET). MANETs can be defined as
a collection of mobile nodes (MNs) that are self-organizing and
cooperative to ensure efficient and accurate packet routing between
nodes (and to the base station also). ere are no specific routers,
servers, or access points for MANETs. Because of their speed and
ease of deployment, robustness, and low cost, MANETs can be
applied in fields such as military applications (i.e., to create a tempo-
rary net ...